Adolescent patients with T1DM showed a reduced aerobic exercising capacity when compared to healthy peers matched to anthropometric conditions. This potential condition should be taken into consideration by the time of evaluation of the aerobic performance of these patients with glycemic control level.

This study aimed to evaluate the 24-week effects of a high-intensity aquatic exercise program on bone remodeling markers and bone mass of postmenopausal women. In this randomized, controlled trial we studied 108 women (58.8 ± 6.4 years), randomized into Aquatic Exercise Group (AEG), n = 64, performing 24 weeks of aquatic exercises, and Control Group (CG), n = 44, sedentary. They had their fasting morning blood sample collected for the measures of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx). Bone mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after the intervention. Participants of both groups received a daily supplementation of 500 mg of elementary calcium and 1,000 IU of vitamin D (cholecalciferol). Results showed an augment in bone formation marker (P1NP) only in the AEG (15.8 %; p = 0.001), and although both groups experienced significant enhancements in bone resorption marker (CTx), this increase was less considerable in the AEG (15 % in the AEG and 29 % in the CG). IPTH was increased by 19 % in the CG (p = 0.003) at the end. The femoral trochanter BMD presented a 1.2 % reduction in the CG (p = 0.009), whereas in the AEG no change was observed (p = 0.069). The proposed aquatic exercise program was efficient in attenuating bone resorption raise and enhancing bone formation, which prevented the participants in the AEG from reducing the femoral trochanter BMD, as happened in the CG.

ResumoContexto: A qualidade de vida é um constructo que vem ganhando importância como uma forma de acessar o impacto tanto de uma patologia quanto de uma estratégia terapêutica na vida dos sujeitos. Este parâmetro tem sido pesquisado nas mais variadas áreas, entre as quais o tabagismo. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a qualidade de vida e a gravidade da dependência do tabaco. Método: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com uma amostra por conveniência de 276 dependentes de tabaco da população geral, sem doenças tabaco-relacionadas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence e ficha com dados sociodemográficos. Resultados: Foi verificada associação entre a gravidade da dependência de tabaco e piores escores em todos os domínios da qualidade de vida, avaliada por WHOQOL-BREF, tendo sido esse resultado influenciado por sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Conclusão: Os tabagistas mais graves têm mais prejuízos na qualidade de vida, no entanto esse grupo é o que apresenta os escores mais elevados de sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade, sendo importante realizar mais estudos a esse respeito.Castro, M.G. et al. / Rev. Psiq. Clín. 34 (2); 61-67, 2007 Palavras-chave: Nicotina, qualidade de vida, tabaco. AbstractBackground: Quality of life is a construct that has been increasing its importance as a means to access the impact, either of a given pathology or of a therapeutic strategy applied to a given subject. This parameter has been researched in the most various areas, among which, smoking. Objective: Evaluating the association between quality of life and the severity of tobacco dependence. Method: A transversal study has been applied, using a convenience sample of 276 tobacco users, selected at random, tobacco-related diseases free. The instruments used were: World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and a social and demographic data file. Results: It has been found association between the severity of tobacco dependence and the lowest scores in all domains of quality of life, evaluated by WHOQOL-BREF. Such result has been influenced by anxiety and depression symptoms. Conclusion: Heavy smokers have less quality of life but this group its also that with heavy depressive and anxiety symptoms, therefore, it is important that more studies are applied on the topic.

Palavras-chaveCraving, dependência química, avaliação, tratamento. resumoO craving ou fissura, cuja definição mais comum é o desejo intenso por uma substância, é um conceito controverso entre os pesquisadores da área da dependência química. objetivo: Realizar revisão teórica a respeito do craving nos bancos de dados PsycInfo, Medline, ProQuest e Science Direct. método: As palavras-chave utilizadas foram craving, dependence e drug e o período pesquisado foi entre 1995 e 2007. resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que são encontrados diversos significados para o craving, alguns se restringindo a desejo, e outros, considerando-o não só como desejo, mas como antecipação do resultado positivo do uso da substância, alívio dos sintomas de abstinência ou afeto negativo e intenção de fumar, o que reflete uma visão multidimensional deste construto. A etiologia do craving pode ser explicada por intermédio dos modelos: comportamental, cognitivo ou psicossocial e neurobiológico, porquanto a opção por um destes influencia a avaliação e o manejo. Conclusão: Conclui-se quanto à multidimensionalidade do craving e quanto à necessidade de que seja utilizado um modelo biopsicossocial que integre os diversos modelos no tratamento de dependentes químicos. Destaca-se a importância da realização de mais estudos para a compreensão do craving em função deste ser um dos principais riscos de recaída.

The anatomical variations of renal veins observed during 342 nephrectomies in living donors are described, 311 cases on the left side and 31 on the right. The following anatomy of the renocava veins was observed: 1. On the left side the renal vein was always unique (311/311) and had two tributaries (suprarenal and gonadal veins) in 100 per cent and one or more renolumbar veins in 65.27 per cent, encircling the aorta in 1.07 per cent, was retroaortic in 1.4 per cent; and the inferior vena cava was double in 0.64 per cent; B-on the right side the renal vein was double in 29 per cent (9/31) and had only one tributary (gonadal vein) in one case, for 3.22 per cent (1/ 31); three or more renal veins in 9.7 per cent (3/31). We concluded that the left renal vein is always unique, presenting variations principally in its tributaries and trajectory. On the right side, the renal vein was double or triple in 38.79 per cent UNITERMS: Nephrectomies. Renal veins. Kidney transplantation. INTROOUCTION It is crucial to know the anatomy of the renal vessels during a retroperitoneal approach to prevent bleeding by accidental tearing. I Comparably, the renal venous pattem of the right side bears little resemblance to that of the left. In its relatively short course from the kidney to the inferior vena cava, the right vein rarely receives a tributary. The longer left renal vein (LRV), on the contrary, regularly receives the following tributaries: suprarenal and inferior phrenic, from above, frequently joined; gonadal (testicular or ovarian) from below; and renolumbar vein posteriorly, often by a confluent with the gonadal vein. ,3Address for correspondence:José Carlos Costa Baptista-Silva Rua Prot. Artur Ramos, 178, 123-Vega São Paulo/SP -Brasil-CEP 01454-904 During the living donor nephrectomy, the left kidney is used more often as a donor organ because its vein is longer than the right renal vein. Usually, the LRV anteriorly crosses the aorta before reaching the vena cava. MATERIAL ANO METHOOSFrom May 1990 to May 1996, 342 living-donor nephretomies (311 on the left side and 31 on the right) were performed at Dom Silvério Gomes Pimenta (260) and Beneficência Portuguesa (82) HospitaIs. Of the 342, 208 cases were female and 134 male, 85 per cent were white, an~the average age was 43.8 years. All cases were studied through preoperative renal angiography and intraoperative observation.

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Skeletal muscle performance and muscle mass are commonly reduced in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is currently unclear, however, whether negative changes in muscle structure and function are proportionately related to each other in these patients. In a cross-sectional study, 39 patients (post-bronchodilator FEV1=49.7+/-15.5% pred) and 17 controls were submitted to knee isokinetic dynamometry [peak torque (PT), isometric strength (IS), and total work (TW)] and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry for the evaluation of leg muscle mass (LMM). Muscle function (F) was normalised for LMM by using ratio standards (F.LMM-1), power function ratios (F.LMM-b, where b is usually not equal 1), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Patients with COPD presented with reduced PT, IS, TW, and LMM as compared to controls: there were significant linear correlations among these variables in both groups (P<0.05). Ratio standards of PT.LMM-1 and TW.LMM-1 were, on average, 14% lower in patients than controls (P<0.01). The coefficients for allometric correction of IS and TW were significantly higher in patients as compared to controls (0.975 vs. 0.603 and 1.471 vs. 0.824, respectively, P<0.05), i.e. more LMM was needed to generate a given functional output in patients than normal subjects. In addition, adjusted means of muscle function variables by ANCOVA were 11-18% lower for patients than controls with LMM as the covariate (P<0.05). We conclude that factors other than simple atrophy (i.e. mass-independent mechanisms) might play a role in explaining the COPD-related skeletal muscle dysfunction.