Anthropogenic activities such as oil exploration have resulted in an environmental concern as they are comprised of residual hydrocarbons and metals. Following the hypothesis that endogenous bacterial communities have enhanced tolerance to heavy metals, we isolated and characterized culturable lead-resistant bacteria from an oil wastewater sample and determined whether they could reduce lead ions from the medium. The wastewater sample containing indigenous bacteria were taken out from a traditional oil field, Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia, and bacteria were cultured Halomonas complex (HMC) medium containing lead (II) chloride (PbCl2) with different concentrations. Bioaccumulation of lead by heavy-metals resistant bacteria was determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Our result found 21 bacterial strains that resist lead ions, of which one strain (RPb5-3) highly resisted to 10 mM. This bacterial strain also exhibited the highest accumulation of Pb, and it could grow at various temperatures, or more than their original environment. The bacterial strains could be used for bioremediation of lead toxicity, especially in oil pollutants.
Aim: To analyze the effect of the brief motivational interviewing counselling approach on the knowledge, attitudes and tooth brushing practice of adolescents. Method: This research is a quasi-experiment with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group design. The research sample was 80 adolescents aged 12 and 13 years. Respondents were divided into two groups, namely 40 intervention and control groups based on inclusion criteria. The intervention group was given the MI approach, and the control group was assigned conventional dental health education. The MI group also received follow-up over the phone. Both groups filled out knowledge and attitude questionnaires before being given treatment. Plaque index and tooth brushing practice examinations were performed at baseline and four weeks after intervention. Results: The results showed an increase in the average score of oral health knowledge, attitude, tooth brushing practice in all groups. The plaque index showed a decrease in the average score in all groups. The test of both groups showed that brief MI counseling was more effective than conventional dental health education, oral health knowledge(p=<0.001), attitude((p=<0.001), tooth brushing practice( p = 0.001), plaque index (p = 0.011). Follow-up MI by telephone in adolescents is beneficial in the research during the covid-19 pandemic as a promotive and preventive effort to improve dental health behaviour. The MI method by telephone is very interesting for adolescents, easily accessible and time-efficient. Conclusion : The MI counselling brief intervention can change dental and oral health behaviour through increasing knowledge, attitudes, tooth brushing practices and reducing the dental and oral hygiene index scores of adolescents. MI interventions need to be combined with other interventions to get more effective results for research sustainability. Keywords: Motivational Interviewing, Oral Hygiene Behaviour, Adolescent
Pemanfaatan fungi endofit merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengendalikan Fusarium oxysporum pada tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) tanpa menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya antagonisme fungi endofit hasil isolasi dari tanaman kentang terhadap F. oxysporum secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif eksploratif dan eksperimen. Fungi endofit dan F. oxysporum diisolasi dengan metode direct platting, selanjutnya dilakukan pemurnian dan identifikasi fungi. Fungi endofit yang terpilih, dilakukan uji antagonisme terhadap F. oxysporum secara in vitro dengan metode dual culture. Persentase hambatan dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA dan uji lanjut Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat isolat fungi endofit berhasil diisolasi dari jaringan daun tanaman kentang yaitu Mucor sp.1, Mucor sp.2, Neoscytalidium sp., dan Aspergillus sp. Fungi patogen hasil isolasi yaitu F. oxysporum. Uji antagonisme dengan metode dual culture menunjukkan semua fungi endofit mampu menghambat pertumbuhan F. oxysporum pada tanaman kentang dengan persentase hambatan yang bervariasi, yaitu Neoscytalidium sp. (73,09%), Mucor sp.2 (70,88%), Mucor sp.1 (59,84%) dan Aspergillus sp. (66,06%). Hasil analisis ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh dari perlakuan yang diberikan (p=0,001). Dengan demikian, fungi endofit hasil isolasi memiliki potensi dalam menghambat fungi patogen tanaman kentang.
Bacillus megaterium merupakan salah satu mikroorganisme potensial yang dapat menghasilkan enzim amilase. Karakterisasi enzim amilase dapat membantu mengetahui kondisi optimum enzim saat bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik enzim amilase yang dihasilkan oleh Bacillus megaterium pada variasi suhu, pH dan konsentrasi substrat. Karakterisasi enzim ditentukan dengan menguji aktivitas enzim pada 3 variasi yakni variasi suhu dengan menggunakan pH netral, variasi pH yang dilakukan pada kondisi suhu optimum hasil perlakuan sebelumnya dan variasi konsentrasi substrat YPSs yang dilakukan pada kondisi suhu dan pH optimum hasil perlakuan sebelumnya. Data aktivitas enzim amilase dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menentukan nilai aktivitas enzim amilase tertinggi pada setiap perlakuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Bacillus megaterium mampu menghasilkan enzim amilase. Indeks Aktivitas Amilase (IAA) Bacillus megaterium sebesar 2,35 mm. Secara kuantitatif aktivitas enzim amilase ditentukan dengan metode DNS yang untuk mengukur kadar gula reduksi yang diproduksi oleh mikrob dengan tingkat ketelitian yang tinggi. Ekstrak kasar enzim amilase yang diproduksi oleh Bacillus megaterium memiliki karakteristik pada suhu 37oC dengan aktivitas enzim sebesar 1,279 U/mL, sedangkan karakteristik pH berada pada pH 5,0 dengan aktivitas enzim sebesar 1,241 U/mL dan karakteristik konsentrasi substrat berada pada konsentrasi 1,50% dengan aktivitas enzim sebesar 0,548 U/mL.
ABSTRAK Yellow Nematoda sista (Globodera rostochiensis)
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