BACKGROUND Eclampsia is a preventable disease be prevented by making women aware of the avoidable risk factors during their antenatal visits and thereby decreasing the incidence of eclampsia and associated morbidity, mortality and perinatal outcome. Aim-To study the association of sociodemography as a risk factor for eclampsia. Objective-To compare the various parameters of sociodemographic risk factors (namely age, residence, education and socioeconomic status) between the eclamptic and the patients admitted for delivery with no complications. on 282 admitted women. This is a tertiary care hospital and its maternity service is a referral in the care of high risk pregnant women throughout the district. All women selected for the study were divided into two groups, cases and controls. Cases were the patients admitted to labour room with BP >140/90 mmHg, Urine Protein > + 1, with convulsions. Controls were the patients admitted to labour room with BP < 140/90 mmHg, Urine Protein negative, without convulsions. Their age, education, residence and socioeconomic status were compared and analysed. The X 2 test was used to determine levels of statistical significance wherever appropriate. RESULTS Majority of the cases taken into the study were from less than 20 years of age group and 21-30 years of age i.e., 44.68% and 51.77% respectively. High proportion of eclampsias 68.08% belong to rural area, only 31.92% belong to urban area. Majority of eclampsia (89.36%) cases were associated with high rate of illiteracy (89.36%) as compared to controls (47.51%), belonging to rural area (68.08%) and low socioeconomic conditions. Maximum no. of eclamptic women were from low socioeconomic class i.e., 70.92% from class V, 26.24% from class IV, 1.41% from class III and II each and no women from class I according to Modified B G Prasad Socioeconomic Classification. In our study statistically significant association was observed between eclampsia and risk factors. CONCLUSION Eclampsia is a preventable disease by making the patient aware of the risk factors which can be avoided and thereby decreasing the incidence of eclampsia and associated morbidity and mortality.

Recession is the exposure of the root surface by an apical shift in the position of the gingiva. Several factors have been implicated in the etiology of gingival recession. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between gingival recession and the hand, right or left, duration, frequency, and technique of tooth brushing in left- and right-handed adults in Erzurum, Turkey. Fifty five left-handed (35 female and 20 male) and 55 right-handed (35 female and 25 male) subjects were included in the study. The left and right hand positions of the subjects were determined by using Oldfield's Edinburg Inventory Index, and they were divided into two groups as left-handed and right-handed. The amount of gingival recession and localization, oral hygiene situations, gingival bleeding, toothbrushing duration, frequency, and techniques of subjects were evaluated. The relationship between the amount of gingival recession and localization and the subjects' hand, duration, frequency and technique of tooth brushing were examined. The data were evaluated with variance analysis and student's t test. The oral hygiene situations in right- and left-handed subjects were determined. On comparing the left-handed subjects with the right-handed ones, it was observed that the left-handed subjects had better oral hygiene than the right-handed. But, this case was not statistically significant (p > .05). In both right-handed and left-handed subjects, women had better oral hygiene than men (p < .01). The rate of gingival recession was found more in the left-handed than in the right-handed (p < .05). In the right-handed subjects, gingival recession was found in the premolar and canine regions of upper right and lower right jaw. A similar result was also observed in the left-handed subjects, because gingival recession was seen on their upper left and lower left jaw. Incisive teeth were affected at the same rate in the left-handed and right-handed. The gingival recession was seen more in maxillary jaw than in mandibular jaw in both groups. A statistically significant relationship between gingival recession and frequency duration, and technique of tooth brushing was found. While the greatest amount of gingival recession was found in horizontal scrub technique, gingival recession increased with increasing tooth brushing duration and frequency. The relationship between gingival recession and hand using in tooth brushing was determined.

ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to determine whether there was a relationship between periodontal diseases and ABO blood groups.MethodsThis epidemiological study was carried out on 1351 subjects who were randomly selected from individuals referred to the Faculty of Dentistry clinics for periodontal treatment or for other reasons regarding dental health. The study based on periodontal condition, blood group, and medical history. The subjects were divided into three groups as those with gingivitis, periodontitis, and the healthy ones. The effects of blood subgroups on periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis were investigated separately.ResultsA relatively higher percentage of A group patients was found in gingivitis group and relatively higher percentage of O group patients was found in periodontitis group. A significant relationship was also determined between Rh factor and gingivitis.ConclusionsABO blood subgroups and Rh factor may constitute a risk factor on the development of periodontal disease. However, long-term studies are needed to make a more comprehensive assessment of the effects of ABO group on periodontal diseases.

The purpose of this study was two-fold: first, to find out the musculoskeletal disorders between left- and right-handed dentists and second, to describe the prevalence and distribution of symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders among Turkish students who are practicing general dentistry. The investigation was carried out on 221 dental students; group I consisted of 24 left-handed students (18 male, 6 female), aged 24.2+/-2.24 years; group II comprised 24 right-handed students (14 male, 10 female), aged 25.1+/-3.14 years; and group III included 173 right-handed students (102 male, 71 female), aged 24.3+/-1.45 years. The study consists of a questionnaire to identify work tasks and working conditions, and a field study to assess the pain of the neck, shoulders, and other disorders during the dental practice. Data were analyzed through tests for the difference between two population proportion, percentage, and Chi-square. Left- and right-handed students had headaches (34%, 22%), pins and needles (35%, 22%), weakness (42%, 40%), numbness (23%, 19%), neck pain (67%, 43%), back pain (56%, 47%), upper limp pain (46%, 43%) and shoulder pain (78%, 58%), respectively (Table 3). Female students were not significantly different from males in musculoskeletal symptoms (p>.05). The position adopted by the student was significantly related to the intensity of pain. Left-handed students especially suffered from neck and shoulder pain when compared with right-handed students (p<.06). The authors think that a modification of work practices appears to be effective in decreasing the prevalence of symptoms. The best ergonomic working principles should be taught to the students, dental schools should provide a comfortable working environment, and further study is required to identify factors that will reduce the prevalence of symptoms among those practicing general dentistry.

The findings indicated that oral health was better in group II rats (those fed with a zinc-containing diet) than in group I (zinc-deficient) rats. Hyperkeratinization was more prominent in zinc-deficient rats. We suggest that zinc deficiency is a potential risk factor for oral and periodontal diseases.

The results confirmed that in the population studied, oral malodour levels were significantly reduced after treating chronic periodontitis. The data indicated a possible adjunctive role for Nd: YAG lasers in periodontal therapy and treatment of oral malodour.

The periodontal health of smokers and non-smokers with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and non-smokers with periodontitis who were not suffering from a systemic disease was assessed. The investigation was carried out on 60 adult subjects. Levels of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and immunoglobulins G, A and M were determined, together with the plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depths and clinical attachment level. Periodontitis was more severe in smokers and non-smokers with NIDDM than non-smokers without NIDDM, and the periodontal condition (clinical attachment level, probing pocket depth and gingival bleeding) was better in non-smokers with NIDDM than smokers with NIDDM. The results suggest that diabetes and smoking are high-risk factors for periodontal disease.

The results of this study showed that both treatments led to significantly favorable clinical improvements in furcation periodontal defects. LLLT plus GTR may be a more effective treatment modality compared to GTR alone.