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Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the contagious and the most economically devastating viral diseases caused by the FMD virus. The present study was conducted with the aim of molecular characterization of the FMD virus isolated from outbreaks that occurred in cattle in two different districts of Amhara regional state of Ethiopia. Samples collected from outbreaks were isolated on BHK-21 cell and serotype were detected using antigen detection ELISA. Phylogenetic and amino acid variability analyses of isolated viruses were undertaken after sequencing the VP1 gene in World Reference Laboratory, Pirbright, UK.Result: In the present study only serotypes O was found in the samples analysed using antigen detection ELISA and in 10 out of 13 (76.9%) cultured samples, virus were isolated on BHK-21 cells. Phylogenetic analysis of these isolates revealed that, they belonged to East Africa topotype-3 (EA-3) and shared 96.6% nucleotide similarity with Sudan’s isolates. A total of 10.3% amino acid variations were recorded between VP1 gene sequences of the field isolates of serotype O FMDV and vaccine strain (O/ETH/38/2005) used in Ethiopia for vacccine production.Conclusion: The phylogenetic analysis serotype O detected in this study revealed that the virus was clustered with East African topotype-3 (EA-3) and exhibited high genetic similarity with isolates from Sudan. A number of amino acid variations were also noted at different sites of VP1 gene when comparing field isolates with the vaccine strain. Thus, to enhance control of FMD in Ethiopia, detailed molecular analysis of the field isolates along with in-vitro vaccine matching tests need to be undertaken at frequent intervals to assess the protective potential of the vaccine strain in use.

Mastitis, a disease complex of multiple etiologies, results into considerable financial losses to dairy industry worldwide. A cross sectional study was carried out between July 2013 to August 2013 in Asella town and its surrounding areas in order to cefotaxime, penicillin G, amoxicillin, ampicillin and vancomycin, which accounted 97.9%, 96.4%, 80.4%, 80.2% and 78%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus revealed resistance against penicillin G, amoxacillin and tetracycline, which accounted 97.9%, 96.4% and 80.4%, respectively and Escherichia coli showed resistance against vancomycin, ampicillin and penicillin G, which indicated 83%, 74% and 65%, respectively

Survey was conducted in Woreta town South Gonder zone, Amharam Regional state. A total of 20 dayold chick growers were involved of which 14 and 6 respondents were male and female participated in the surveying study, respectively. Respondents were selected by purposely based on their chick holding capacity. The objectives were to assess the day old chick performance in the study area. The simple statistical methods were used to analyze the data. The results of study Survey revealed that, 3233 (20.61%) chicks were with reduced performance by death 1811 (11.2%), disease influence 1330 (8.8%) and malformed physical state 92 (0.61%). From these 79.39% of day old chicks were survived to reach marketing age. This indicates chicks were lower in performance in the area. To reduce this problem proper chick husbandry practice must be conduct. The technical support should be providing for chick growing farmers. In addition, researchers will focuses on this field for more investigation.

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