Molecular characterization of foot‐and‐mouth disease viruses circulating in Ethiopia between 2008 and 2019

Gizaw, Daniel; Tesfaye, Yeneneh; Wood, Britta A.; Nardo, Antonello Di; Shegu, Dereje; Muluneh, Ayelech; Bilata, Tsion; Belayneh, Rediet; Fentie, Ayenalem; Asgdome, Hagose; Sombo, Melaku; Rufael, Tesfaye; Woldemariyam, Fanos Tadesse; Khan, Fazlurrahman; Yami, Martha; Gelaye, Esayas; Wadsworth, Jemma; Knowles, Nick J.; King, Donald P.

doi:10.1111/tbed.13675

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Phylogenetic frameworks that integrate trait, as well as covariates of epidemiological and evolutionary processes, with sequence evolution into pathogen phylodynamics have been formalized ( Baele et al 2017 ) and used to study and characterize transmission dynamics of viral epidemics and emerging diseases ( Faria et al 2014 ; Dudas et al 2017 ; Grubaugh et al 2017 ). Molecular epidemiological studies performed using FMDV sequence data have helped to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of single virus lineages ( Hall et al 2013 ; Di Nardo et al 2014 ; Bachanek-Bankowska et al 2018 ), epidemic incursions in previously unaffected areas ( Valdazo-Gonzalez et al 2012 ), dynamics of serotypes circulation in Africa ( Lycett et al 2019 ; Gizaw et al 2020 ), and patterns of between- and within-host recombination ( Bachanek-Bankowska et al 2018 ; Ferretti et al 2018 ; Lasecka-Dykes et al 2018 ). FMD circulation in endemic systems is characterized by complex dynamics of coexisting viral lineages evolving within and between distinct ecological systems, with transmission likely to be influenced by host factors, such as viral fitness in different hosts, pre-existing immunity, and livestock mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary and Ecological Drivers Shape the Emergence and Extinction of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lineages

Nardo

Ferretti

Wadsworth

et al. 2021

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Livestock farming across the world is constantly threatened by evolutionary turnover of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains in endemic systems, the underlying dynamics of which remain to be elucidated. Here, we map the eco-evolutionary landscape of co-circulating FMDV lineages within an important endemic virus pool encompassing Western, Central and parts of Southern Asia, reconstructing the evolutionary history and spatial dynamics over the last 20 years that shapes the current epidemiological situation. We demonstrate that new FMDV variants periodically emerge from Southern Asia, precipitating waves of virus incursions that systematically travel in a westerly direction. We evidence how metapopulation dynamics drive the emergence and extinction of spatially structured virus populations, and how transmission in different host species regulates the evolutionary space of virus serotypes. Our work provides the first integrative framework that defines co-evolutionary signatures of FMDV in regional contexts to help understand the complex interplay between virus phenotypes, host characteristics, and key epidemiological determinants of transmission that drive FMDV evolution in endemic settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary and Ecological Drivers Shape the Emergence and Extinction of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lineages

Nardo

Ferretti

Wadsworth

et al. 2021

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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“…Meanwhile, the study showed that all serotype O isolates belong to a single topotype, ie, East Africa-3 (EA-3). 9 A study conducted by Gizaw et al 10 has shown the molecular characteristics of FMDV circulating in Ethiopia between 2008 −2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Molecular Detection of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Dairy Cattle Around Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia

Awel¹,

Dilba²,

Abraha³

et al. 2021

VMRR

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Background: Foot and mouth disease is a debilitating and highly contagious transboundary disease of cattle that can cause a huge economical loss globally. It is a notifiable disease in Ethiopia, and it is thought to be causing a decrease in cattle productivity and production. Methods: A cross-sectional study and outbreak investigation were performed to estimate seroprevalence, identify associated factors and serotypes of FMDV in dairy cattle around Addis Ababa. A multi-stage random sampling technique was employed for the selection of sampling units for the seroprevalence study. A total of 383 blood samples were collected using plain vacutainer tubes and the obtained sera were tested by 3ABC-Ab ELISA at the NAHDIC lab. Also, from outbreak cases, 20 epithelial tissue samples were collected purposively for the molecular detection of FMDV serotypes. Results: The overall seroprevalence of FMD in dairy cattle was 72.1% (95% CI=67.27-76.50). The seroprevalence in dairy cattle of Ada Berga, Holeta, and Sululta districts was 97.2%, 71.4%, and 57.6%, respectively. Up on Chi-square analysis, age, body condition, and management system were significantly associated with FMD seroprevalence (p<0.05). Besides, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that district, age, body condition, and management were significantly associated with FMD seroprevalence (p<0.05). The odds of being seropositive to FMD were 6.9 (95% CI=1.8-24.9; p=0.005) and 2.3 (95% CI=1.2-4.7; p=0.01) times higher in cattle found in Ada Berga and Holeta Woreda. From outbreak cases, 18 (90.0%) were identified positive for FMDV serotype O. Conclusion:The current study revealed higher seroprevalence was recorded in the study area and associated risk factors identified statically, serotype O of FMDV was identified from outbreak cases. Therefore, it is critical to design and implement feasible control and prevention mechanisms based on the type of circulating virus serotype.

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“…Several outbreak studies showed that four of the seven serotypes (O, A, SAT-1, and SAT-2) were reported in the country in the order of the dominancy of their occurrence and the economic loss they incur [19,20]. The continuous occurrence of serotype O, A, and SAT-2 was confirmed by recent retrospective studies of Gizaw et al [21] and Tesfaye et al [22]. Serotype O and A were reported in all parts of Ethiopia as well as SAT-1 and SAT-2 in the central and southern half of the country, where 70% of the country's cattle population is found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Risk Factor Assessment, Sero-Prevalence, and Genotyping of the Virus That Causes Foot-and-Mouth Disease on Commercial Farms in Ethiopia from October 2018 to February 2020

et al. 2021

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A cross-sectional serological, active outbreak search and a questionnaire-based survey were carried out to investigate foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) sero-epidemiology in Ethiopia. The circulating serotype of the FMD virus (FMDV) was identified, and the knowledge regarding FMD and husbandry practices was assessed. Using the questionnaire survey, a total of 237 individuals were interviewed, and the majority responded that there is no practice of reporting disease outbreak, free in and out movement of livestock, or share pastures, and they use traditional case management as a means of controlling the disease. A total of 1938 cattle, 490 domestic small ruminants, and 426 swine were sampled randomly for serological analysis using the 3ABC non-structural protein (NSP) enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. An overall prevalence of 25% in cattle, 5% in domestic small ruminants, and 2% in swine was recorded. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that cattle from the Oromia, Tigray, and Amhara regions had the highest probability of being sero-positive as compared with Addis Ababa odds ratio(OR)(OR: 4 (95% confidence interval (CI)(CI [3–6], 3 (95% CI [2,5]), and 2 (95% CI 2 [1,3]), respectively). Older cattle (older than three years) and domestic small ruminants (>18 months) had a higher chance of being seropositive (OR: 2, 95% CI [1.6,3]) and (OR: 6, 95% CI [2,18]), respectively). Female and older swine older than three years of age had a higher chance of being sero-positive (p < 0.05). Local breed cattle had the lowest chance (OR: 0.2. 95% CI [0.1–0.3]) of being sero-positive. A region, age, and breed proved to have a statistically significant association with sero-positivity (p < 0.05) in cattle. Swine from Bishoftu were less likely to test positive than swine from Addis Ababa (OR: 0.04, 95% CI [0.01–0.3]). From 96 herds, 72 pooled outbreak samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), virus isolation, serotyping (antigen enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA)), sequencing, and phylogenetic tree analysis. Six serotype A (G-IV) FMD viruses and three serotype O east African (EA-3 and EA-4) FMDVs were identified. Thus, this study established the lack of disease outbreak reporting, poor husbandry problems, and the prevalence of FMD in three domestic species (cattle, small ruminant, and swine). In addition, continuous circulation of serotype A and O in the study area was confirmed.

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Molecular characterization of foot‐and‐mouth disease viruses circulating in Ethiopia between 2008 and 2019

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Evolutionary and Ecological Drivers Shape the Emergence and Extinction of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lineages

Evolutionary and Ecological Drivers Shape the Emergence and Extinction of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lineages

Seroprevalence and Molecular Detection of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Dairy Cattle Around Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia

Risk Factor Assessment, Sero-Prevalence, and Genotyping of the Virus That Causes Foot-and-Mouth Disease on Commercial Farms in Ethiopia from October 2018 to February 2020

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