Phylogenetic And Sequence Variability Analyses Of Vp1 Protein Of Foot And Mouth Disease Viruses In Cattle In Amhara Region Of Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the contagious and the most economically devastating viral diseases caused by the FMD virus. The present study was conducted with the aim of molecular characterization of the FMD virus isolated from outbreaks that occurred in cattle in two different districts of Amhara regional state of Ethiopia. Samples collected from outbreaks were isolated on BHK-21 cell and serotype were detected using antigen detection ELISA. Phylogenetic and amino acid variability analyses of isolated viruses were undertaken after sequencing the VP1 gene in World Reference Laboratory, Pirbright, UK.Result: In the present study only serotypes O was found in the samples analysed using antigen detection ELISA and in 10 out of 13 (76.9%) cultured samples, virus were isolated on BHK-21 cells. Phylogenetic analysis of these isolates revealed that, they belonged to East Africa topotype-3 (EA-3) and shared 96.6% nucleotide similarity with Sudan’s isolates. A total of 10.3% amino acid variations were recorded between VP1 gene sequences of the field isolates of serotype O FMDV and vaccine strain (O/ETH/38/2005) used in Ethiopia for vacccine production.Conclusion: The phylogenetic analysis serotype O detected in this study revealed that the virus was clustered with East African topotype-3 (EA-3) and exhibited high genetic similarity with isolates from Sudan. A number of amino acid variations were also noted at different sites of VP1 gene when comparing field isolates with the vaccine strain. Thus, to enhance control of FMD in Ethiopia, detailed molecular analysis of the field isolates along with in-vitro vaccine matching tests need to be undertaken at frequent intervals to assess the protective potential of the vaccine strain in use.

Seroprevalence, Serotyping, and Associated Risk Factors of Foot and Mouth Diseases in Bovine in Western Amhara Regional State, North Western Ethiopia

“…The livestock sub-sector is an integral part of agriculture that provides food, milk, draft power, manure fertilizer for crop production and in turn, utilizes the crop residues as feed. Transboundary animal diseases (TAD) are one of the infectious diseases that have an impact on the livestock sector through decreased productivity, restricted international trade access, loss of entire herds, biodiversity loss, and the loss of valuable genetic resources [22]. The important bottleneck for the development of the livestock sector includes infectious and non-infectious diseases, lack of food for animals, lack of appropriate disease control policy, lack of appropriate veterinary services, and lack of attention from the government [8].…”

Combined Adjuvant Formulations Enhanced an Immune Response of Trivalent Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine in Cattle

“…Among the seven serotypes of FMDV that are immunologically different, five of them (O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2 and C) were reported to be present in Ethiopia. 8,[13][14][15] The FMDV serotype O is the most prevalent (73.3%) followed by serotype A (19.5%), SAT 2 (4.1%) and SAT 1 (1.8%). After 1983, serotype C has not been reported in Ethiopia.…”

“…After 1983, serotype C has not been reported in Ethiopia. 8,13,16 The endemic presence of the FMDV is highly challenging due to its impacts on trade market and productivity of livestock. Thus, different measures are required to eradicate and control the disease, including vaccination strategies and control of animal movement.…”

Evaluation of different adjuvant formulations of trivalent Foot and Mouth Disease vaccine in cattle

“…Among the seven serotypes of FMDV that are immunologically different, ve of them (O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2 and C) were reported from FMD samples collected throughout the country from 1981-2007(8, 12,13,14).…”

“…The FMDV serotype O is the most prevalent (73.3%) followed by serotype A (19.5%), SAT 2 (4.1%) and SAT 1 (1.8%). After 1983 serotype C has not been reported in Ethiopia (8, 15,12).…”