A histoplasmose é uma doença fúngica sistêmica, causada pelo fungo Histoplasma capsulatum, este caracteriza-se por ser dimórfico e saprófita. Esta patologia pode ter caráter clínico agudo ou crônico e resultar em infecção subclínica, pulmonar ou disseminada, caracteriza-se por ser a segunda micose de maior ocorrência nos gatos e nesses apresenta baixa morbidade e altas taxas de mortalidade. O diagnóstico pode ser obtido pela cultura fúngica e o tratamento é realizado principalmente a base de itraconazol. Objetivando relatar um caso clínico de histoplasmose felina realizou-se o presente trabalho. Foi atendido um gato sem raça definida, fêmea, de quatro anos de idade, com queixa principal de aumento de volume nasal. Foram solicitados inicialmente exames hematológicos, bioquimicos, citológico da nodulação no plano nasal, teste imunocromatográfico para imunodeficiencia viral felina e leucemia viral felina, e sete dias após, foi solicitada a cultura fúngica. Nos exames hematológicos observou-se trombocitopenia, agregados plaquetários, leucocitose por neutrofilia e hipoalbuminemia. O exame imunocromatográfico para ambas as retroviroses foi negativo. No exame citopatológico foram encontradas estruturas leveduriformes sugestivas de Criptococcus sp.,todavia, na cultura fúngica essas estruturas foram compatíveis com Histoplasma capsulatum. Baseado no resultado do exame citológico, foi prescrito para a paciente itraconazol 10 mg/kg duas vezes ao dia durante 60 dias, este deveria ser iniciado após a realização da cultura fúngica. O animal apresentou melhora significativa a partir de 7 dias do uso do medicamento, com regressão total da nodulação após 26 dias de tratamento. Após os 2 meses de tratamento, houve suspensão da medicação por 19 dias por decisão da tutora e retorno da administração por mais 30 dias no intuito de evitar a remissão da patologia. Com isso pode-se concluir que a histoplasmose nasal é uma afecção fúngica presente na rotina clínica de felinos, exigindo assim do médico veterinário atenção para a sintomatologia e métodos de diagnósticos complementares, bem como, a realização do tratamento e prognóstico de forma correta.
Scleredema adultorum of Buschke is a rare disorder characterized by diffuse swelling and non-pitting induration of the skin usually involving the face, neck, arms and upper trunk. It has been associated with previous infectious diseases, diabetes, paraproteinemia and, more rarely, malignant neoplasms or autoimmune disorders. We report the case of a 30-year-old man who presented with a 2-year history of scleredema. Further investigation led to the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. The association between scleredema and autoimmune disorders has been rarely seen. To our knowledge, there are no other reports describing the association between primary Sjögren’s syndrome and scleredema adultorum of Buschke.
Background: Pharmacodermia is defined as adverse reaction in skin, mucosa and appendages, which generates morphofunctional alterations in cutaneous barrier, inducing autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus foliaceous, which is known as the most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs. This disease involves autoantibodies against desmoglein and desmocolin molecules, being induced by the use of certain drugs. Mupirocin (pseudomonic acid A) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with bacteriostatic activity, being effective against Gram-positive pathogens and used to control superficial bacterial folliculitis. Based on that, the aim of this study was to report a pemphigus-like lesions after topical use of mupirocin in dog. Case: An 1-year-old, uncastrated male, Poodle dog, weighing 13.8 kg was treated in a private clinic in Fortaleza. The main complaint was related to pruritus in abdominal and inguinal region, in addition of legs licking. Dermatological examination revealed melanic crusts, epidermal collars and diffuse pustules in inguinal, abdominal, perianal and thoraco-lumbar regions. The therapy was based on topical use of Mupirocin in form of 0.2% aquous spray. After drug administration, the animal presented urticaria, diffuse epidermal collars, papulo-crusted and pustular lesions, which were more evident in abdominal and inguinal region. Nasal erythema, binocular blepharitis, apathy and fever were also observed. Cytological examination and bacterial culture were performed, revealing inflammatory and acantholytic cells and no bacterial growth. Biopsy procedure revealed subcorneal pustule with presence of epithelial acantholytic cells and neutrophils, compatible with canine pemphigus foliaceous. The topical treatment of ocular lesions with 0.1% Tacrolimus associated with systemic treatment with high dose of prednisolone (1.2 mg kg -1 ). The patient improved the dermatological clinical signs, however, some side effects have already become evident, such as the presence of telangiectasia, polyuria, polyphagia and polydipsia. Heterodox therapy based on the use of azathioprine (2 mg kg -1 ) was chosen in order to reduce corticoid dose. After 3 days of therapy, blood material was collected for hepatic evaluation, detecting hepatotoxicity. From the results, azathioprine therapy was suspended, and only high-dose corticosteroid therapy (1.5 mg kg -1 ) was maintained. The patient presented a considerable improvement in the lesion after 10 days of treatment. Discussion: There have been reports that pharmacodermic reactions may be associated with the development of autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus foliaceus and vulgaris. In some cases, the lesions regress after drug discontination. In others, the medication acts as a triggering factor, activating the genetic predisposition of patient, which develops the pathology even after therapy interruption. The drug related pemphigus-foliaceous is a well-recognized disease in humans, however this disease is limited to sporadic cases in dogs. The therapy was based in use of a high dose of p...
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a multifactorial allergic disease associated with immune dysfunction and an abnormal skin barrier. Together, these factors result in cutaneous inflammatory and infectious processes with different injury patterns. The clinical understanding and diagnosis of these patterns are crucial for the best clinical management of the atopic patient. As it is often a clinical challenge for the veterinarian, the objective of the present study was to describe the follow-up of ten cases of canine atopic dermatitis. Therefore, a retrospective analysis of ten dogs diagnosed with cAD was performed, from crisis control therapy to maintenance therapy. Dogs received an individualized treatment approach based on their different clinical manifestations. All selected dogs showed an adequate response to the proposed treatments, which provided control of the inflammatory and pruritic stimulus. From the above, it was concluded that canine atopic dermatitis has different clinical patterns and, therefore, individualized therapeutic strategies should be adopted for a better clinical resolution.
A dermatofitose é uma afecção fúngica que pode acometer cães e gatos de diversas idades. Uma apresentação pouco comum para esta doença é sua forma nodular, chamada quérion. Diversas técnicas são indicadas na literatura para o diagnóstico, dentre elas destaca-se a citologia por ser uma técnica de simples execução, pouco dispendiosa e rápida. Neste relato uma fêmea canina foi atendida apresentando um aumento de volume em região de pálpebra superior direita. Ao exame físico dermatológico, a lesão encontrava-se alopécica e inflamada, com presença de conteúdo viscoso à palpação, sendo compatível com quérion dermatofítico. Foi realizado exame citológico com punção por agulha fina, bem como cultura fúngica da secreção proveniente da lesão. A avaliação citológica revelou infiltrado inflamatório e estruturas compatíveis com artroconídeos fúngicos. Após 30 dias da semeadura ocorreu crescimento de colônias de Microsporum canis. A terapia da paciente baseou-se no uso de Itraconazol em suspensão (10mg/kg/dia) por um período de 45 dias. Ao final do tratamento obteve-se cura clínica, com ausência de processo inflamatório e total repilação do local lesionado.
This study aimed to evaluate Himatanthus drasticus latex in a mice wound healing experimental model. Animals were divided into four groups (n=7) according to the treatments: GI -saline 0.9% (control), GIImineral oil (vehicle), GIII -H. drasticus commercial latex (HdCL) and GIV -H. drasticus mixed isolated fraction (MIF, 1 mg/mL). The treatments were applied topically once daily, 50 µL for 14 consecutive days. Macroscopic lesions were evaluated, considering parameters such as swelling, redness, granulation tissue and reepithelialization. VEGF+, CD68+ expressions and mast cells (Toluidin blue stain) were evaluated. HdCL induced higher contraction and exuberant granulation tissue (P > 0.05). HdCL showed a mild inflammatory process while MIF induced intense infiltrate inflammatory predominantly by lymphocytes, vascular congestion, bleeding and did not presented full reepithelialization. Reorganization of collagen fibers (red picrosirius stain) was observed. CD68+ expression and mast cells were presented as moderate, intense and mild in GI, GIII and GIV, respectively. Neovascularization occurred in all groups, while VEGF+ expression was intense in MIF in relation to HdCL. We concluded that HdCL presents wound healing potential, through modulation of mast cells, CD68+ and VEGF+ expressions that can be associated to triterpenes presence according MIF isolated from HdCL.Keywords: latex, Apocinaceae, wound healing, angiogenesis, inflammatory infiltrate RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o látex de Himatanthus drasticus em feridas induzidas experimentalmente em camundongos. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=7): GI -salina 0,9% (controle), GIIóleo mineral (veículo), GIII -látex comercial de H. drasticus (HdCL) e GIV -fração isolada mista de H. drasticus (MIF, 1mg/mL). Os tratamentos foram aplicados topicamente uma vez ao dia (50µL), durante 14 dias consecutivos. Lesões macroscópicas, as expressões de VEGF+, CD68+ e a participação dos mastócitos (coloração azul de toluidina) foram avaliadas. HdCL induziu maior contração e tecido de granulação exuberante (P >0,05). HdCL induziu leve processo inflamatório enquanto MIF promoveu intenso infiltrado inflamatório predominantemente linfocítico, congestão vascular, hemorragia e reepitelização parcial. Observou-se reorganização das fibras colágenas (coloração picrosírius
Epidermal dysfunctions in canine atopic dermatitis: Clinical impacts and therapies Disfunções epidérmicas na dermatite atópica canina: Impactos clínicos e terapias
Resumo: A pele, o maior órgão do corpo do animal, constitui uma barreira contra a agressão tecidual proveniente de patógenos, microbiota residente, substâncias químicas e fatores ambientais. Na clínica médica veterinária, a principal queixa em cães e gatos envolve a casuística das dermatopatias, que variam desde infecções por patógenos até doenças imunomediadas. A resposta exacerbada do sistema imunológico contra componentes do tecido cutâneo envolve mecanismos associados a fatores humorais e celulares, conhecidos como biomarcadores. Dentre tais patologias, destacam-se as doenças bolhosas, que incluem pênfigo foliáceo, vulgar, eritematoso e penfigoide bolhoso, o lúpus eritematoso discoide e sistêmico, e a dermatomiosite. O diagnóstico de tais doenças é de responsabilidade médica, e deve levar em conta o histórico clínico do animal, exames laboratoriais, incluindo hematologia, bioquímica, citologia, histopatologia e imunohistoquímica. Neste contexto, essa revisão tem como objetivo descrever os mecanismos imunopatológicos, incluindo mediadores e células, os sinais clínicos, os testes diagnósticos e a terapêutica utilizados no protocolo de tratamento das principais dermatopatias autoimunes em cães e gatos. Com essas informações, espera-se contribuir com atualizações sobre imunoterapias que estão sendo utilizadas em humanos e que, eventualmente, possam ser aplicadas à medicina veterinária.Palavras chaves: Dermatopatias autoimunes, imunopatogenêse, biomarcadores, cães, gatos. Pathogenesis, biomarkers and immunotherapy in autoimmune skin diseases in dogs and cats. A ReviewAbstract: The skin, the largest animal body organ, constitutes a barrier against tissue damage from pathogens, resident microbiota, chemicals and environmental factors. In veterinary medical clinic, the main complaint in dogs and cats involves skin diseases, ranging from infections by pathogens to immune-mediated diseases. The exaggerated immune response to components of cutaneous system involves mechanisms associated with humoral and cellular factors, known as biomarkers. Among such conditions, there are the bullous diseases, including pemphigus foliaceus, vulgar, erythematosus and bullous pemphigoid, lupus erythematosus discoid and systemic, and dermatomyositis. The diagnosis of diseases is a medical responsibility and must rely on the medical history of the animal, laboratory tests including hematology, biochemistry, cytology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. In this context, this review aims to review the pathogenic mechanisms, including mediators and cells, clinical signs, diagnostic tests and therapy used in the treatment protocol of the main autoimmune skin diseases in
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