Introduction: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a zoonotic disease with different clinical manifestations. Parasitism often occurs in bone marrow, but changes have been observed in peripheral blood and serum biochemical parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hematological and biochemical parameters in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania chagasi. Methods: Eighty-five adult dogs of both sexes and various weights and ages from the Zoonosis Control Center of Fortaleza (CCZ) were used, selected by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and considered positive with IFA titers greater than 1:40 and by visualizing amastigotes of Leishmania chagasi in smears obtained by bone marrow aspiration. The dogs (n = 85) were grouped according to clinical signs: negative (CN = 7), subclinical (CS = 10), and clinical (CC = 68). Blood samples were collected for determination of hematological and biochemical serum values. The experimental protocol was approved by the CEUA/UECE. Results: The most frequent clinical signs were cachexia (77.9%), keratitis (61.8%), and lymphadenopathy (55.9%), and 86.8% of the animals showed more than one clinical sign characteristic of CVL. In CC were observed reductions in red blood cells (63%), hematocrit (72%), and hemoglobin (62%), as well as leukocytosis (33%), neutropenia (28%), thrombocytopenia (50%), uremia (45%), hyperproteinemia (53%, p<0.05), hypergammaglobulinemia (62%, p<0.01), and hypoalbuminemia (58%). Conclusions: Animals with the clinical form of the disease demonstrate hematological and biochemical changes consistent with anemia, uremia, hyperproteinemia, and hyperglobulinemia, which present themselves as strong clinical markers of visceral leishmaniasis associated with the signs previously reported. Keywords: Dogs. Canine visceral leishmanisis. Biomarkers. Anemia. Uremia. Hyperglobulinemia. RESUMO Introdução:A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma zoonose com diferentes manifestações clínicas. O parasitismo ocorre frequentemente na medula óssea e têm sido relatadas alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas. Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos e bioquímicos de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi. Métodos: Utilizaram-se 85 cães adultos, ambos os sexos, peso e idade variados, oriundos do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Fortaleza, selecionados pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), sendo considerados positivos os animais com títulos de RIFI ≥ 1:40 e pelo exame parasitológico das formas amastigotas de Leishmania chagasi em esfregaços de medula óssea. Os cães foram agrupados conforme os sinais clínicos associados à doença: negativos (CN=7); subclínicos (CS=10) e clínicos (CC=68). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para determinação dos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos séricos. O protocolo experimental foi aprovado pelo CEUA/UECE, protocolo n° 08622833-1. Resultados: Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes foram caquexia (77,9%), ceratoconjuntivite (61,8%) e linfadenopatia (55,9%), sendo que 86, 8% dos animais aprese...
Devido ao desmatamento, a fragmentação fl orestal é uma realidade cada vez mais presente no oeste do estado do Acre. O estudo objetivou avaliar variações na riqueza e abundância de morcegos em um fragmento fl orestal urbano de aproximadamente 150ha localizado na cidade de Rio Branco (AC). As coletas foram realizadas em dois sítios: sendo dois pontos de coleta a 200m da borda e outros dois a 20m da borda. Redes de neblina fi caram abertas quatro horas depois do pôr-do-sol, durante três noites/mês. O índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H') e o índice de similaridade de Jaccard (J) foram usados para análise comparativa. Durante 48 noites (novembro/2005-julho/2007) foram capturados 85 morcegos de 15 espécies, com maior riqueza e abundância de quirópteros no interior do fragmento. A similaridade de espécies foi baixa (J=0,44), indicando preferência de habitat. O índice de diversidade encontrado (H'=2,091 nats/indiv) foi similar a de outros estudos na Amazônia, com menor diversidade na borda (H'=1,864) do que no interior do fragmento (H'=2,047). Carollia perspicillata (n=32) e Artibeus lituratus (n=13) responderam por 57,6% do total de capturas. As características da matriz e a adaptação dos morcegos às redes explicam os valores encontrados.
Treatment with HdCL reduced oxidative damage and modulated the expressions of CD4, CD8, FoxP3and HSP-60 in S180 solid tumor model, which can be associated to the presence of triterpenes, such as α-amyrin, β-amyrin and lupeol cinnamate. Present data emphasizes the importance of immune system in cancer and highlights the evaluation of the pharmacological properties of plants used by population as phytoterapics.
Background: Cancer is a complex process that receive many influences of the tumor microenvironment. The participation of immune system cells and proteins in tumor microenvironment is not yet completely understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the infiltrate cellular, subpopulations of T-lymphocytes and HSP60 of canine mammary carcinoma in mixed tumor (CMCMT). Materials, Methods & Results:Female dogs (n = 20) were selected after Canine mammary tumor (CMT) diagnosis and data were achieved throughout clinical-pathological information. Clinical staging was evaluated and tumor biopsies were processed by histology and cellular infiltrate was performed according criteria and grade. Survival curve were generated by Kaplan-Meier and the lymphocytic infiltrate were compared by Log-Rank followed Chi-Square χ². For immunolabeling it was used anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-FoxP3 and HSP60 monoclonal antibodies and were attributed scores from 0 to 3. Clinical-pathological relationship was analyzed using Spearman correlation. This study was approved by the Committee for Ethics in Research using Animals (CEUA-UECE), protocol 12247080-2. Our data showed a mean age of 9.3 years-old, the size of tumors presented more than 5 cm (50%), which were located in inguinal mammary glands (70%), and CMTs shows I (70%) and II (30%) grade. The cellular infiltrate was distributed both in peri and intratumoral regions, dispersed multifocally with moderate intensity and lymphocytes were the major populations found into tumors (n = 826 ± 220). In relationship to cellular infiltrate with CMT grade it was observed that lymphocytes (ρ = 0.28) and plasma cells (ρ = 0.22) showed a slight positive correlation, and an opposed negative correlation of neutrophils (ρ = -0.1) and macrophages (ρ = -0.38). CMT presents moderate lymphocytic infiltrate (< 800 lymphocytes), shows higher (P = 0.01) survival rates as compared to intense lymphocytic infiltrate (≥ 800 lymphocytes). FoxP3+ showed lower intensity while CD4+ and CD8+ expression were concentrated surrounding of lymphocytic infiltrate tumor region. HSP60+ was observed in the inflammatory and tumor cells. Discussion: Our data are according to a greater risk to the development of breast tumor in old bitches, not castrated and before or after puberty, as well as the use of contraceptives based on progesterone and estrogen. In relation to size of tumor, these findings reinforce that there is a relationship of tumor size with a higher malignancy grade and with a worse prognosis. The predominant tumor location was in the inguinal breasts that is attributed to the high activity of the mammary glands to hormonal stimuli. CMT with low clinical staging are associated with greater overall survival of affected bitches. In relation to tumor microenvironment, it has been reported that heterogeneous populations of the immune system cells often infiltrate the mammary tumors, whose lymphocytes are the main cells. It is suggested that tumor lymphocytosis may be necessary for malignant behavior of the tumo...
RESUMO:Objetivou-se investigar o efeito do extrato acetato de etila de Cocos nucifera (EAECN) sobre parâmetros fisiológicos e sobre a inflamação tópica induzida por xileno. EAECN foi obtido a partir da água da fibra da casca do coco verde e o teste fitoquímico indicou a presença de taninos condensados, flavononas, flavonóis, flavononóis, xantonas e esteróides. EAECN foi administrado aos camundongos Swiss por via oral em dose única diária de 10, 30, 100 e 250 mg Kg -1 por cinco dias consecutivos para os protocolos de toxicidade e inflamação tópica. No ensaio de toxicidade foram observadas as freqüências cardíacas e respiratórias, a presença de diarréia, analgesia e apatia e realizada a contagem total dos leucócitos do sangue periférico, avaliação macroscópica dos órgãos e peso relativo do rim, fígado, timo e baço. O efeito do EAECN sobre a inflamação tópica foi realizado utilizando-se grupos testes com as diferentes concentrações de EAECN e grupos controles positivos que receberam, pela mesma via nas mesmas condições, NaCl 0,9% ou DMSO a 5% ou o antiinflamatório padrão, Dexametasona (6 mg Kg -1 ). Todos os animais receberam o agente flogístico (25 L) nas partes interna e externa da orelha duas horas após o último tratamento, enquanto os animais do grupo controle negativo não receberam qualquer tratamento. Após 50 minutos da aplicação do xileno, os animais foram sacrificados, e uma porção de cada orelha foi retirada e pesada. A diferença de peso entre as orelhas representa o efeito induzido pelos tratamentos. EAECN não desenvolveu toxicidade, não alterou a contagem total de leucócitos, não alterou o peso e nem o peso relativo dos órgãos dos animais tratados em relação aos controles. EAECN não inibiu a inflamação provocada pelo xileno, apresentando efeito pró-inflamatório dependente da dose. Conclui-se que EAECN nos protocolos utilizados não é tóxico e não possui atividade antiinflamatória tópica. Palavras-chave:Cocus nucifera, xileno, Inflamação tópica, toxicidade, parâmetros fisiológicos ABSTRACT: Toxicological evaluation and effect of ethyl acetate extract of the fiber of Cocos nucifera L. (Palmae) on inflammatory response in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ethyl acetate extract of Cocos nucifera (EAECN) on physiological parameters and xylene-induced topic inflammation. EAECN was obtained from the water of the green coconut husk fiber and the phytochemical test indicated the presence of condensed tannins, flavanones, flavonols, xanthones and steroids. EAECN was orally administered to Swiss mice at a single daily dose of 10, 30, 100 and 250 mg Kg -1 during five consecutive days for toxicity and topic inflammation protocols. Toxicity experiments included the observation of heart and respiratory frequencies, diarrhea, analgesia and apathy, besides total leukocyte count in peripheral blood, macroscopic evaluation of the organs, and relative weight of kidneys, liver, thymus and spleen. The effect of EAECN on topic inflammation was assessed using test groups with different EAECN concentrations and...
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