-Adequate nutrients for plants are important for increasing the yield and quality of the seeds produced. The objective of this study was to evaluate foliar fertilization with silicon in wheat and its effect on seed yield and physiological quality. Treatments consisted of two silicon dosages (three and six liters silicon per hectare) and the control (no silicon) and five wheat cultivars: OR "Quartzo", OR "Ônix", Fundacep "Linhagem", Fundacep "Campo Real" and Fundacep "Horizonte". The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. After physiological maturity, harvesting and threshing of the seeds were done manually. Seed samples were evaluated for yield and physiological quality from the germination test, first germination count, seedling dry weight, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, 1000 seeds and hectoliter weights. The results showed that the foliar application of silicon at the dosages tested did not affect the yield and physiological quality of the seeds produced by the wheat cultivars.Index terms: Triticum aestivum L., fertilization, seed vigor.Aplicação foliar de silício e alterações no rendimento e na qualidade de sementes de trigo RESUMO -A disponibilidade adequada de nutrientes às plantas é de fundamental importância tanto para incrementos em rendimento bem como, para a produção de sementes de elevada qualidade. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da adubação foliar com silício em trigo, no rendimento e na qualidade fisiológica das sementes produzidas. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas doses de silício aplicados via foliar (três e seis litros de silício por hectare), além da testemunha (sem aplicação do produto). Foram utilizadas cinco cultivares de trigo (OR "Quartzo", OR "Ônix", Fundacep "Linhagem", Fundacep "Campo Real" e Fundacep "Horizonte"). O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Após a maturidade fisiológica, efetuou-se a colheita e a debulha das sementes de forma manual. Posteriormente, as amostras foram encaminhadas ao laboratório de análise de sementes onde foram efetuadas as avaliações do rendimento e da qualidade das sementes, por meio dos testes de germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, massa seca de plântulas, envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica, massa de mil sementes e massa hectolitro. A aplicação de silício, nas cultivares de trigo e nas doses testadas, não afeta o rendimento nem a qualidade fisiológica das sementes produzidas.Termos para indexação: Triticum aestivum L., nutrição, vigor de sementes.1

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Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an annual plant belonging to subfamily Chenopodiaceae containing such granite importance, being considered a pseudocereal. For the quinoa to gain widespread attention, to the point of achieving large scale cultivation in Brazil it is necessary for the studies to advance specially in regards to quality of produced seeds. The main aim of this work was to evaluate potential of quinoa seed’s production cultivated in different seasons, as well as quality of seeds produced on primary and secondary stalks of quinoa plants from BRS Piabiru, produced in the South of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. The evaluated seeding seasons were October, November and December, June, July and August of the years 2015/2016, after the plants were taken to evaluation regarding agronomical characters (fresh mass of ramification glomeruli, main glomeruli, fresh mass of stem from the main, fresh mass of stem ramification, fresh mass of leaves, dry mass of stem ramification, stem from the main, glomeruli from the main, stem ramification, of leaves, diameter of stem and panicle lenght) and quality of seeds (germination, test of cold, accelerated aging, and seed’s emergency). Quality of the seed is assured when it’s produced after months of July, August and November, given that quality of seeds from main stem is superior.

Salt stress in rice plants affects growth, development and crop yield. However, seed treatment can reduce the deleterious effects caused by salt stress. The use of amino acids in agriculture has increased, both in Brazil and in other countries, due to higher productivity and provide better quality of plants treated with amino acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of amino acid coating on the physiological potential of rice seeds under salt stress. The experimental design was a completely randomized three-way factorial design with two batches of seeds, two levels of amino acid treatment (with or without amino acid) and five salt concentrations (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0 mM) with four replicates. The physiological quality of seeds was assessed by a germination test, first germination count, cold test, accelerated aging, seedling shoot and root lengths, and dry weight of shoots and roots. It is concluded that the seed treatment with amino acids results in better physiological performance of rice seeds when subjected to salt stress, which affects negatively the physiological quality of seeds.

RESUMOCom o objetivo de avaliar a incidência fúngica e a qualidade fisiológica de sementes chia (Salvia hispanica L.), foram analisados seis lotes de sementes da espécie, provenientes do mercado local do município de Pelotas-RS, Brasil. Para a análise sanitária o método utilizado foi o "Blotter Test" e para o teste da qualidade fisiológica o teste de germinação e índice de velocidade de emergência (IVG). Os resultados obtidos permitiram constatar que os Lotes 3 e 5 não apresentaram incidência de fungos e nos demais evidenciou-se a presença de Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Bipolaris sp., e Fusarium sp. Sementes de chia disponíveis no comércio do município de Pelotas-RS apresentam baixa incidência de fungos fitopatogênicos, porém há variação na qualidade fisiológica. PALAVRAS CHAVE: fungos, germinação, Salvia hispanica L. HEALTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SEEDS OF CHIA ABSTRACTIn order to assess the fungal incidence and physiological quality of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) were analyzed six seed lots of the species, from the local market in the municipality of Pelotas, Brazil. For health analysis method used was the "Blotter Test" and for testing the physiological quality germination test and emergence speed index. The results revealed that Lots 3 and 5 showed no incidence of fungi and the other showed the presence of Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Bipolaris sp. and Fusarium sp. Chia seeds available in the trade of the municipality of Pelotas-RS present low incidence of phytopathogenic fungi, however there are variation in physiological quality.

<p class="Default">O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da profundidade de semeadura na emergência de plântulas de sementes de  amaranto e quinoa. Foram avaliados os efeitos das profundidades de 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,5 cm para amaranto e de 0; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5; e 4,5 cm para quinoa, obtidas por meio de anéis de pvc, com espessura equivalente a estes valores, que foram imersos no substrato para simular as profundidades de semeadura. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias, comparadas pelo teste de Tukey com 5% de probabilidade de erro. Foram realizados os testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas em bandejas, massa de matéria seca e peso de mil sementes. A profundidade de semeadura para o melhor desenvolvimento inicial indicada para amaranto é de até 1,5 cm, e para quinoa até 2,5 cm.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Seeding depth in the initial development of pseudocereals</em></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of sowing depth on emergence of amaranth and quinoa seeds seedlings. The effects of the depths of 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.5 cm and amaranth 0; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5; quinoa and 4.5 cm, obtained from PVC rings with a thickness equivalent to these values, which were immersed in the substrate to simulate the sowing depths. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability of error. The germination tests were carried out, first count, seedling emergence on trays, dry mass and weight of a thousand seeds. The seeding depth for the initial development best suited for Amaranthus is up to 1.5 cm, and quinoa to 2.5 cm. </p><p><strong> </strong></p>

This study aimed to assess the efficiency and selectivity of herbicides in rice submitted to sprinkler and flood irrigation systems. The experimental design was a randomized block design arranged in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme. Factor A consisted of irrigation systems (sprinkler and flood) and Factor B consisted of herbicide treatments (T1 - control; T2 - imazethapyr + imazapic, 75 + 25 g a.i. ha-1; T3 - imazethapyr + imazapic, 150 + 50 g a.i. ha-1; T4 - imazapic + imazapyr, 73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1; T5 - imazapic + imazapyr, 147 + 49 g a.i. ha-1; T6 - imazethapyr, 106 g a.i. ha-1; T7 - imazethapyr, 212 g a.i. ha-1; T8 - sequential application of imazethapyr + imazapic, 75 + 25 g a.i. ha-1; and T9 - sequential application of imazapic + imazapyr, 73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1). The application of imazethapyr and formulated mixtures of imazethapyr + imazapic and imazapyr + imazapic provided a control higher than 97% in flood and sprinkler irrigation systems. Herbicide selectivity is not altered in the sprinkler irrigation system when compared to the flood irrigation system.