-Seed vigour is determined by a series of laboratory tests, many of these laborious and time-consuming. In view of this, the present study aimed to compare the determination of seedling length in wheat using image processing, with the traditional method, as well as the ability of the method to determine seed vigour. The experimental design was completely randomised, with five replications comprising a single-factor experimental scheme. The data were analysed for normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test and variance analysis using ANOVA at 5% probability. The response variables were correlated using Pearson's test, and the methodologies for determining the length of the shoots and roots, by measuring with a graduated rule and by image processing, were compared using the F-test at 5% probability. To compare mean values between cultivars, Tukey's test at 5% probability was used. The length of the shoots and roots of wheat seedlings, determined by image processing using the Matlab ® mathematical tool, is efficient in separating the cultivars into levels of vigour in a similar way to evaluations used routinely for this purpose. RESUMO -O vigor das sementes é determinado por uma série de testes laboratoriais, muitos destes, trabalhosos e morosos. Em vista disso o presente trabalho teve por objetivo comparar a determinação do comprimento de plântula de trigo através do processamento de imagens com o método tradicional, bem como sua capacidade de determinar o vigor de sementes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, constituindo um experimento em esquema unifatorial. Os dados foram analisados quanto a sua normalidade pelo teste de Shapirowilk e análise de variância pelo teste de ANOVA a 5% de probabilidade. As variáveis respostas foram correlacionadas pelo teste de Pearson, e as metodologias de determinação do comprimento de parte aérea e de raiz através de medição com régua graduada, e por processamento de imagem foram comparadas através do teste F a 5% de probabilidade. Para comparação de média entre as cultivares utilizou-se o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O comprimento de parte aérea e de raiz de plântulas de trigo determinados através do processamento de imagens em ferramenta matemática Matlab ® são eficientes para separar as cultivares em níveis de vigor de forma similar às avaliações rotineiramente utilizadas para essa finalidade.
RESUMO A deficiência de B pode diminuir a fertilidade das flores, prejudicando a produtividade de sementes de trigo. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a produção e a qualidade fisiológica de ABSTRACT Boron deficiency can decrease fertility of flowers, harming productivity of wheat seeds. The experiment was conducted in didactic laboratory seed testing and in the greenhouse, both located in the municipality of Capão do Leão (RS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and physiological quality of wheat seed produced on time and doses of B application.The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications in a factorial arrangement involving application stage (seeding and tillering), and B doses (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5kg ha -1
Salt stress in rice plants affects growth, development and crop yield. However, seed treatment can reduce the deleterious effects caused by salt stress. The use of amino acids in agriculture has increased, both in Brazil and in other countries, due to higher productivity and provide better quality of plants treated with amino acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of amino acid coating on the physiological potential of rice seeds under salt stress. The experimental design was a completely randomized three-way factorial design with two batches of seeds, two levels of amino acid treatment (with or without amino acid) and five salt concentrations (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0 mM) with four replicates. The physiological quality of seeds was assessed by a germination test, first germination count, cold test, accelerated aging, seedling shoot and root lengths, and dry weight of shoots and roots. It is concluded that the seed treatment with amino acids results in better physiological performance of rice seeds when subjected to salt stress, which affects negatively the physiological quality of seeds.
The aim of this paper was to verify the viability of digital image processing in the measurement of rice seedling and its potential use as seed vigor test. The experiment took place at the Laboratório Didático de Análise de Sementes, located in Capão do Leão (RS), using seeds of eight rice cultivars: Irga 424, Puitá Inta CL, BRS Esmeralda, SCS 116, Guri Inta CL, BRS Pampa, BRSGO Serra Dourada and Olimar. An image processing system (IPS) was used to measure length and area of shoot and root as an index of seed vigor in rice seeds. The experiment design was completely randomized with five replications. The evaluated variables were root and shoot length in graded ruler and by image, root and shoot area, and field emergence. Results obtained with the IPS were correlated with other quality tests though the Pearson tests. Determination of shoot length and leaf area of the seedlings obtained through IPS is effective for assessing the vigor of rice seeds.
The presence of dormant seeds makes it difficult to evaluate physiological quality and requires the use of appropriate methods in order to break seed dormancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods to break the dormancy of ryegrass seeds stored under environment conditions in different periods. Ryegrass seeds, BRS Ponteio cultivar, produced in two locations were used and evaluated after 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of storage under environment conditions. Seeds were submitted to the following methods to break dormancy: sowing at 20 to 30°C without applying any method to break dormancy (control); pre-cooling (5°C) for 3 days + KNO 3 followed by sowing at 15 to 25°C; pre-drying (45°C) for 96 h followed by sowing at 20-30°C; immersing the seeds in sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) at 0.5% for 24 h, followed by drying at 45°C for 6 h and sowing at 15 to 25°C. At 60 days after harvest, the most effective method was immersion of seeds in a NaClO solution followed by drying at 45°C. From 90 days after harvest, all methods were equally effective to break seed dormancy, except pre-drying (45°C) for 96 h, which negatively affected the physiological quality of seeds. There is a difference in the effectiveness of the methods employed to break the dormancy of ryegrass seeds depending on the type of post-harvest storage.
The use of vigor tests for assessing seed lot quality is an important tool for production and commercialization. However, research on evaluating the quality of amaranth seeds is still scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate procedures for conducting the accelerated aging test, aiming at the identification of different levels of vigour among lots of amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) seeds cultivar BRS Alegria. Five seed lots were used and submitted to tests of germination, first count of germination, seedling emergence and accelerated aging, using the aging periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours and adopting the traditional methodology with water and the use of saturated (40g NaCl in 100mL of water) and unsaturated (11g NaCl in 100mL of water) sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The accelerated aging test at 41ºC and periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours of conditioning saturated NaCl solution allowed the stratification of the lots at vigour levels, similar to the results obtained by the seedling emergence test and the first count of germination. The accelerated aging test, using saturated saline solution (40g NaCl in 100mL of water) for 24 hours at 41°C, is therefore suitable for evaluating the physiological potential of amaranth seeds.
A utilização de silício pode acarretar em aumento da capacidade biológica da planta em resistir às condições adversas do meio ambiente. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a expressão isoenzimática de sementes oriundas de plantas cultivadas com aplicação de cinza da casca de arroz, via solo, sob estresse salino. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial A x B (Fator A-Cinco doses de cinza da casca de arroz aplicada via solo: 0; 500; 1000; 1500 e 2000 kg ha -1 ; Fator B-Três concentrações salinas: 0, 4 e 8 mM), com quatro repetições. Foram realizados os testes de primeira contagem de germinação e germinação, e expressão dos sistemas isoenzimáticos glutamato oxaloacetato transaminase, álcool desidrogenase, glutamato desidrogenase e sorbitol. Variações nos quatro sistemas eletroforéticos analisados podem estar associados ao estresse salino causado durante o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de arroz. O sistema isoenzimático glutamato oxaloacetato transaminase é uma ferramenta complementar à avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de arroz.
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