No abstract

-The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological performance of wheat seeds coated with micronutrients. The treatments were combinations of two products based on micronutrients, product "A": 780.0 g.L -1 of zinc and product "B": 182.4, 7.6 and 45.6 g.L -1 of zinc, boron and molybdenum, respectively, with five dosages of the products: 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mL. kg -1 seed, totaling 10 treatments with four replications. Physiological quality of the treated seed was evaluated from germination and vigor tests and the early plant growth from determinations of shoot dry weight, plant height and leaf area at 10, 20 and 30 days after emergence (DAE), as well as the rate of crop growth, relative and net assimilation. Seed yield and physiological quality were determined after harvest. It was concluded that coating wheat seeds with the product "A" , based on zinc and "B", consisting of zinc, boron and molybdenum, respectively, up to a dosage of 4 mL.kg -1 seed, did not adversely affect the physiological quality of the treated seeds or those produced. Both products tested resulted in increases in leaf area, plant height and shoot dry weight up to 30 DAE, as well as a higher seed yield.Index terms: Triticum aestivum L., early growth, physiological quality, yield.Desempenho fisiológico de sementes de trigo recobertas com micronutrientes RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar neste trabalho o desempenho fisiológico de sementes de trigo recobertas com micronutrientes. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de dois produtos a base de micronutrientes, produto "A": 780.0 g.L -1 de zinco e o produto "B": 182,4; 7,6 e 45,6 g.L -1 de zinco, boro e molibdênio, respectivamente, e cinco doses dos produtos: 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4 mL.kg -1 de semente, totalizando 10 tratamentos, com quatro repetições. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes tratadas foi avaliada por testes de germinação e vigor e o crescimento inicial das plantas foi avaliado pela massa seca da parte aérea, altura de planta e área foliar aos 10, 20 e 30 dias, após a emergência (DAE), além da taxa de crescimento da cultura, relativo e assimilatória líquida. Após a colheita avaliaram-se o rendimento e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Conclui-se que o recobrimento de sementes de trigo com o produto "A" (zinco) e "B" (zinco, boro e molibdênio), até a dose de 4 mL.kg -1 de semente, não prejudicam a qualidade fisiológica das sementes tratadas e produzidas. Os produtos testados promovem maior área foliar, altura de planta e massa seca da parte aérea até os 30 DAE, bem como proporcionaram maior rendimento de sementes.Termos para indexação: Triticum aestivum L., crescimento inicial, qualidade fisiológica, rendimento de sementes.

-Seed vigour is determined by a series of laboratory tests, many of these laborious and time-consuming. In view of this, the present study aimed to compare the determination of seedling length in wheat using image processing, with the traditional method, as well as the ability of the method to determine seed vigour. The experimental design was completely randomised, with five replications comprising a single-factor experimental scheme. The data were analysed for normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test and variance analysis using ANOVA at 5% probability. The response variables were correlated using Pearson's test, and the methodologies for determining the length of the shoots and roots, by measuring with a graduated rule and by image processing, were compared using the F-test at 5% probability. To compare mean values between cultivars, Tukey's test at 5% probability was used. The length of the shoots and roots of wheat seedlings, determined by image processing using the Matlab ® mathematical tool, is efficient in separating the cultivars into levels of vigour in a similar way to evaluations used routinely for this purpose. RESUMO -O vigor das sementes é determinado por uma série de testes laboratoriais, muitos destes, trabalhosos e morosos. Em vista disso o presente trabalho teve por objetivo comparar a determinação do comprimento de plântula de trigo através do processamento de imagens com o método tradicional, bem como sua capacidade de determinar o vigor de sementes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, constituindo um experimento em esquema unifatorial. Os dados foram analisados quanto a sua normalidade pelo teste de Shapirowilk e análise de variância pelo teste de ANOVA a 5% de probabilidade. As variáveis respostas foram correlacionadas pelo teste de Pearson, e as metodologias de determinação do comprimento de parte aérea e de raiz através de medição com régua graduada, e por processamento de imagem foram comparadas através do teste F a 5% de probabilidade. Para comparação de média entre as cultivares utilizou-se o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O comprimento de parte aérea e de raiz de plântulas de trigo determinados através do processamento de imagens em ferramenta matemática Matlab ® são eficientes para separar as cultivares em níveis de vigor de forma similar às avaliações rotineiramente utilizadas para essa finalidade.

-Seed treatment with growth regulators, especially salicylic acid, is a promising alternative to the seed industry because it is an important inducer of resistance to diseases and pests, as well as acting significantly on quality and seed yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of rice seed treated with different concentrations of salicylic acid, as well as assess the crop yield and seed quality. The treatments consisted of increasing levels of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg.L -1 salicylic acid. To this was prepared a stock solution of salicylic acid and the highest concentration by successive dilution in distilled water, the other concentrations were obtained. The physiological quality of seeds produced was treated and evaluated by tests of vigor and germination, and after harvest were evaluated seed yield. It follows that treatment of rice seeds with salicylic acid concentrations up to 130 mg.L -1 at a dose of 2 mL.kg -1 seed does not affect the germination and affects the strength, however provides substantial increases in the yield of seeds. The seed treatment with salicylic acid has no influence on seed quality produced. , na dose de 2 mL.kg -1 de semente, não influencia a germinação ou afeta o vigor, entretanto proporciona incrementos substanciais no rendimento da cultura. O tratamento das sementes com ácido salicílico não apresenta influencia na qualidade das sementes produzidas.Termos para indexação: Oryza sativa L., germinação, vigor, regulador de crescimento.

-The objective of this study was to assess performance of wheat seeds after application of three components [fungicide, zinc (Zn), and polymer], separately or with their combinations, as well as assessing seed quality and yield. Thus, the treatments consisted in combinations of fungicide + zinc (Zn) + polymer, totaling six treatments, with four replicates per treatment, as follow: T0 -without application of Zn, fungicide, or polymer (control); T1 -Zn; T2 -Zn + polymer; T3 -polymer; T4 -fungicide; T5 -polymer + fungicide; and T6 -Zn + polymer + fungicide. The performance of the seeds originating from plants whose seeds had been pre-treated was assessed by tests of germination and vigor, in addition to analyzes of growth and yield. It was concluded that wheat seeds treated with zinc, fungicide and polymer are positively influenced until 30 days after emergence. The germination of wheat seeds is positively influenced by the treatment with fungicide, as much when separately applied as in combined application with zinc and polymer. The yield per plant increases when seeds are treated with Zn.Index terms: Triticum aestivum L, germination, vigor.Tratamento de sementes de trigo com zinco, fungicida e polímero: qualidade e rendimento de sementes RESUMO -O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de sementes de trigo após a aplicação de três componentes [fungicida, zinco (Zn) e polímero] isoladamente, ou com a combinação destes produtos, bem como avaliar a qualidade e o rendimento das sementes produzidas. Deste modo, os tratamentos consistiram nas combinações de fungicida + Zn + polímero, totalizando seis tratamentos, com quatro repetições para cada tratamento: T0 -sem aplicação de Zn, fungicida ou polímero (testemunha); T1 -Zn; T2 -Zn + polímero; T3 -polímero; T4 -fungicida; T5-polímero + fungicida; e T6-Zn + polímero + fungicida. O desempenho das sementes produzidas, oriundas das sementes tratadas, foi avaliado por testes de vigor e germinação, além de análises de crescimento e rendimento. Pelos resultados obtidos conclui-se que sementes de trigo tratadas com Zn, fungicida e polímero são positivamente influenciadas até 30 dias após a emergência. A germinação das sementes é positivamente influenciada pelo tratamento com fungicida, tanto quando este é aplicado isoladamente quanto em aplicação combinada com Zn e polímero. O rendimento por planta aumenta quando as sementes de trigo são tratadas com Zn.Termos para indexação: Triticum aestivum, germinação, vigor.1

No abstract

ABSTRACT. Micronutrients, such as zinc, are important for the metabolic activities that can benefit germination and seed vigor because many soils are deficient in this micronutrient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of coating oat seeds with zinc on the physiological quality and yield of the seeds produced. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement of the following, with four replications per treatment: factor A -product 1, 780 g L -1 zinc, and product 2, 17 and 600 g L -1nitrogen and zinc, respectively; and factor B -0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mL of each product kg -1 seed. The results were subjected to an analysis of variance and a means comparison test (p ≤ 0.5 using Tukey's test). The experimental plots consisted of vases of 30 L situated in the greenhouse of the Plant Science Department, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. After harvesting, the yield and physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated based on germination, accelerated aging, cold and field emergence tests. At all of the studied doses, both of the zinc products used to coat the seeds resulted in an increase in the yield and seed germination. The dose of 3 mL of product per kg seed generated the best results.

-The objective of this study was to assess physiological quality of seeds and the initial growth of lowland rice seedlings, cv. PUITA INTA-CL, treated with a product based on Zinc, Boron and Molybdenum. The following dosages of product were used: 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 mL.100 kg -1 seed. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with 10 treatments and four replications. Physiological quality of seeds was assessed by following tests: germination; first count of germination; and length and dry phytomass of seedlings. The initial growth was assessed at 7, 14, 21, 35, and 42 days after emergence (DAE) through plant height, leaf area and dry phytomass of aerial parts and roots. It was concluded that the treatment of rice seeds with the product containing Zinc, Boron and Molybdenum up to the dosage tested of 200 mL.100 kg -1 seed does not influence germination, first count of germination, and the dry phytomass of aerial parts and roots; however, negatively influences seedling length. In addition, it also promotes greater plant height, higher leaf area, higher production of dry phytomass of seedlings, and increase on the growth rate, until 42 DAE.Index terms: Oryza sativa, initial growth, physiological quality, growth rate.Desempenho de sementes de arroz tratadas com zinco, boro e molibdênio RESUMO -O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes e o crescimento inicial das plântulas de arroz irrigado, cultivar PUITA-INTA CL, tratadas com um produto a base de zinco, boro e molibdênio. Foram testadas as seguintes doses do produto: 0 (testemunha), 50, 100, 150 e 200 mL.100 kg -1 de sementes. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 10 tratamentos e quatro repetições. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada pelos seguintes testes: germinação; primeira contagem de germinação; e comprimento e fitomassa seca de plântulas. O crescimento inicial foi avaliado aos 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias após a emergência (DAE) pela altura de planta, área foliar e fitomassa seca de parte aérea e raiz. Concluiu-se que o tratamento de sementes de arroz irrigado com o composto contendo zinco, boro e molibdênio, até a dose estudada de 200 mL.100 kg -1 de semente, não influencia germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, fitomassa seca de parte aérea e raiz; entretanto influencia negativamente o comprimento das plântulas. Além disso, também promove maior altura de planta, maior área foliar, maior produção de fitomassa seca de planta e aumento da taxa de crescimento, até os 42 DAE.Termos para indexação: Oryza sativa, crescimento inicial, qualidade fisiológica, taxa de crescimento.