, ORLANDO ANTÔNIO LUCCA FILHO 4 , FRANCISCO AMARAL VILLELA 4 RESUMO -Os resultados de pesquisas desenvolvidas demonstram a eficiência da mesa densimétrica no aprimoramento da qualidade de sementes de diversas espécies, evidenciando superioridade da qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes coletadas nas posições superiores em relação às posições inferiores da zona de descarga da mesa. Considerando o reduzido número de trabalhos publicados sobre beneficiamento de sementes de hortaliças em especial sobre couve brócolis, cujas sementes apresentam diferenças no peso específico em virtude da desuniformidade de maturação das sementes, é importante estudar a influência da utilização da mesa densimétrica na classificação de sementes dessa espécie. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de couve brócolis, beneficiadas em mesa densimétrica. As sementes inicialmente foram limpas em máquina de ar e peneiras e a seguir beneficiadas em mesa densimétrica. O eixo terminal de descarga da mesa densimétrica de 1,00m de largura foi dividido em quatro partes. Os tratamentos constituíram das frações obtidas no depósito da alimentação e nas partes: alta, intermediária alta, intermediária baixa e baixa, da zona de descarga da mesa densimétrica. As sementes de couve brócolis descarregadas na parte alta da zona de descarga da mesa densimétrica apresentaram qualidade fisiológica significativamente superior às sementes descarregadas nas partes baixa e repasse da fração intermediária baixa, sendo recomendável a remoção da fração direcionada para a parte baixa, visando o aprimoramento dos atributos fisiológicos e sanitários do lote.Termos para indexação: Brassica oleraceae var. itálica, vigor, beneficiamento, sanidade. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY OF BORECOLE BROCCOLIS SEEDS BENEFITED ON A DENSIMETRIC TABLEABSTRACT -The results of developed research demonstrate the efficiency of the densimetric table in the improvement of the quality of seed lots of diverse species, evidencing superior physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds in the upper positions in relation to the lower positions of the discharge zone. Considering the few reports on the improvement of vegetable seeds, especially borecole broccolis and, moreover the desuniformity of maturation of this species, that is reflected in the specific weight of the seeds, is important to study the influence of the use of the densimetric table on the performance of borecole broccolis seeds. The present study was carried out to verify the physiological and sanitary quality of borecole broccolis seeds, benefited by the densimetric table. The seeds had initially been cleaned in an air machine and sieved and then benefited on the densimetric

Currently, the standard germination test (SGT) is the official test for evaluating seed viability in seed testing laboratories around the world. The SGT takes 3 to 4 wk to complete for most grasses, including the dormancy breaking treatment period. The tetrazolium test (TZT), however, offers quick viability determination within 24 to 48 h, even for dormant seeds. This study was conducted to compare SGT and TZT results for tall fescue (TF), annual and perennial ryegrass (ARG and PRG), orchardgrass (OG), bentgrass (BG), Kentucky bluegrass (KBG), and fine fescues (FF). A total of 3432 samples representing the seven species were evaluated for viability by SGT and TZT during 2009 to 2013 at the Oregon State University Seed Laboratory (OSUSL). According to the germination tolerance table of the Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA), both SGT and TZT results were within tolerance in 94.2% of TF samples, 95.2% of ARG samples, 90.4% of PRG samples, 93.7% of OG samples, 90.8% of FF samples, 83.9% of BG samples, and 42.4% of KBG samples. Dormancy was the main reason for higher viability by TZT results than by SGT in the same sample, causing the two test results to be out‐of‐tolerance. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the TZT can be used as an alternative viability test to the SGT for TF, ARG, PRG, OG, FF, and possibly for BG. However, the KBG has higher levels of dormancy, which brings the SGT below the TZT results, especially for freshly harvested seeds.

-The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial dependence between chemical properties of the soil and yield components in the soybean using precision farming techniques. Samples of the soil and plants were taken from georeferenced points to determine the chemical properties of the soil and the yield components. The results were submitted to Pearson correlation analysis, descriptive statistics and geostatistics. The coefficient of variation showed a wide range of distribution for the chemical attributes of the soil, with the highest indices being found for the levels of available phosphorus (102%) and potassium (72.65%). Soil pH and organic matter showed a coefficient of variation of 5.96 and 15.93% respectively. Semivariogram analysis of the yield components (productivity, 1,000-seed weight and number of seeds) and the chemical properties of the soil (organic matter, pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, manganese and zinc) fitted the spherical model with moderate spatial dependence, with values ranging from 200 to 700 m. Spatial distribution by means of map interpolation was efficient in evaluating spatial variability, allowing the identification and quantification of regions of low and high productivity in the production area, together with the distribution of soil attributes and their respective levels of availability to the soybean plants.Key words: Precision farming. Soil fertility. Spatial distribution. Seed yield.RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dependência espacial entre os atributos químicos do solo e os componentes do rendimento de soja, por meio de técnicas de agricultura de precisão. Realizaram-se amostragens de solo e de plantas, em pontos georreferenciados, para determinação dos atributos químicos do solo e componentes do rendimento. Os resultados foram submetidos às analises de correlação linear de Pearson, estatística descritiva e geoestati stica. O coeficiente de variação apresentou ampla faixa de distribuição nos atributos químicos do solo, sendo os maiores índices obtidos para os teores disponíveis de fósforo (102%) e potássio (72,65%). O pH do solo e a matéria orgânica apresentaram coeficientes de variação de 5,96 e 15,93%, respectivamente. A análise dos semivariogramas, para os componentes do rendimento (produtividade, massa de mil sementes e número de sementes) e atributos químicos do solo (matéria orgânica, pH em água, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, boro, manganês e zinco), ajustaram-se ao modelo esférico, com dependência espacial moderada, e valores para o alcance da dependência espacial distribuídos entre 200 a 700 m. A espacialização por meio de mapas de interpolação foi eficiente na avaliação da variabilidade espacial, permitindo a identificação e a quantificação na área de produção de regiões com baixa e alta produtividade, associado à distribuição dos atributos do solo e respectivos níveis de disponibilidade para a planta de soja.Palavras-chave: Agricultura de precisão. Fertilidade do solo. Distribuição espacial. Rendimento de sementes.

There are many gaps for the assessment of seed vigor in vegetable crops, among these the parsley. In this context, the accelerated aging test is recognized as one of the most widely used to evaluate seed physiological potential of various crop species, being able to provide information with a high degree of consistency. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the methodology of accelerated aging test to check parsley seed vigor, as well as verify the possibility of using NaCl solutions as an alternative to control seed water uptake during the aging period without reducing test sensitivity. Four lots of parsley seeds were tested for germination, seedling emergence, and accelerated aging for 48, 72 and 96 h (traditional and NaCl solutions). The use of NaCl solutions reduces water uptake by parsley seeds during the accelerated aging test, resulting in less pronounced and drastic deterioration rates and more uniform results. The exposure of the P. sativum seeds for a period of 48 h is a promising option for the evaluation of parsley seed vigor by the accelerated aging test.

ABSTRACT:The use of gravity table can result in improved quality of seeds of several species, demonstrating the superiority of the quality attributes of seeds collected in the top positions in relation to the lower positions of the discharge zone of the gravity table. The availability of information on tobacco seeds, particularly on the action of gravity table, has not been addressed in the literature. The present study was to evaluate the influence of different regulations in the gravity table on the quality of tobacco seeds. The terminal edge of the machine of 50 cm width was divided into four parts plus the outlet for stones. The treatments were in the following fractions: original seed (obtained in the feed hopper), heavy seed (at the top), middle high, intermediate, and light seed (lower part), and the stones outlet of the gravity table. Each combination of regulation was in an independent adjustment with a total of seven adjusts. The gravity table, in the adjustments with high oscillation, was efficient in improving the physiological quality of seed lots of tobacco, by removing the fraction of light seeds discharged at the bottom of the terminal edge. KEYWORDS:Nicotiana tabacum, processing, vigor, sanity. DIFERENTES REGULAGENS DA MESA DENSIMÉTRICA NA QUALIDADE DE SEMENTES DE TABACORESUMO: O uso da mesa densimétrica pode resultar no aprimoramento da qualidade de sementes de diversas espécies, evidenciando superioridade dos atributos de qualidade das sementes coletadas nas posições superiores em relação às posições inferiores da zona de descarga da mesa densimétrica. A disponibilidade de informações sobre sementes de tabaco, particularmente sobre a ação da mesa densimétrica, não tem sido contemplada na literatura. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes regulagens na mesa densimétrica sobre a qualidade de sementes de tabaco. O eixo terminal de descarga da mesa densimétrica, com largura de 50 cm, foi dividido em quatro partes mais a bica de saída de pedra. Os tratamentos constituíram-se nas frações semente original (obtida no depósito da alimentação) e sementes pesadas, (parte alta), intermediária alta, intermediária baixa e semente leve (baixa) e bica de saída de pedras da zona de descarga da mesa densimétrica. Cada combinação de regulagens constitui-se em um ajuste independente, totalizando sete ajustes. A mesa densimétrica, nos ajustes com mais alta oscilação, apresenta eficiência no aprimoramento da qualidade fisiológica de lotes de sementes de tabaco, pela remoção da fração descarregada na parte baixa da zona de descarga. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Nicotiana tabacum, beneficiamento, vigor, sanidade.

ABSTRACT. Micronutrients, such as zinc, are important for the metabolic activities that can benefit germination and seed vigor because many soils are deficient in this micronutrient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of coating oat seeds with zinc on the physiological quality and yield of the seeds produced. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement of the following, with four replications per treatment: factor A -product 1, 780 g L -1 zinc, and product 2, 17 and 600 g L -1nitrogen and zinc, respectively; and factor B -0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mL of each product kg -1 seed. The results were subjected to an analysis of variance and a means comparison test (p ≤ 0.5 using Tukey's test). The experimental plots consisted of vases of 30 L situated in the greenhouse of the Plant Science Department, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. After harvesting, the yield and physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated based on germination, accelerated aging, cold and field emergence tests. At all of the studied doses, both of the zinc products used to coat the seeds resulted in an increase in the yield and seed germination. The dose of 3 mL of product per kg seed generated the best results.

Storage is a fundamental practice in the control of the physiological quality of seeds, as it is a method that can preserve their viability and vigor for a longer period. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the storage of chickpea seeds in different packagings, environments, and periods. The completely randomized design was used in a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to two types of packaging (hermetic and Kraft® paper), two storage environments (cold chamber environment and conventional environment), and four storage periods (0, 45, 90, and 135 days), with four replicates. The seeds were placed in Kraft® paper bags and hermetic packagings and stored for 135 days in the environments: cold chamber (14.5 °C and relative air humidity of 65%) and conventional environment (no temperature and relative air humidity control). Every 45 days, seeds were subjected to the following evaluations: determination of water content, germination, first germination count and accelerated aging. In general, the maintenance of the physiological quality of chickpea seeds was verified in Kraft® paper packagings and the cold chamber environment. Storage of chickpea seeds in hermetic packaging must be carried out with seeds with 7% moisture, regardless of the storage environment. The packagings maintained the physiological quality of chickpea seeds for up to 45 days, regardless of the storage environment.

RESUMO -O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar e determinar a distribuição espacial da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja em um campo de produção com 39 hectares por meio de técnicas de agricultura de precisão. Foram realizadas amostragem de solo e colheita de sementes em pontos georreferenciados para a determinação da fertilidade do solo, qualidade fisiológica das sementes e alcance da dependência espacial. Os resultados foram submetidos às análises de estatística descritiva, correlação linear de Pearson e geoestatística. Os dados apresentaram coeficiente de variação de 1,63% para emergência, 1,74% para germinação, 1,63% para viabilidade, 2,59% para envelhecimento acelerado e 4,28% para vigor avaliado pelo teste de tetrazólio. O pH do solo correlacionou-se negativamente com a germinação, a emergência e a viabilidade. O grid de um ponto por hectare e uma malha de amostragem georreferenciada com espaçamento de 100 metros entre pontos foi eficiente na avaliação da variabilidade espacial. A qualidade fisiológica não é uniforme, particularmente em relação ao vigor, proporcionando melhor diagnostico por meio de mapas de interpolação. A agricultura de precisão possibilitou determinar a distribuição espacial da qualidade fisiológica de sementes em uma área de produção de sementes de soja, facilitando a tomada de decisão no que refere-se às áreas a serem colhidas. Palavras-chave:Glycine max (L.) Merrill. Variabilidade espacial. Agricultura de precisão. Produção de sementes. Geoestatística. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SOYBEAN SEED PRODUCTION FIELDABSTRACT-The objective of this study was to identify and determine the spatial distribution of the physiological quality of soybean seeds in a field of 39 hectares with production through precision farming techniques. Soil sampling and harvest seeds, georeferenced points for determining soil fertility, seed quality and range of spatial dependence were performed. The results were submitted to analysis of descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and geostatistics. The data presented coefficient of variation of 1,63% for emergency, 1,74% for germination, 1,63% for viability, 2,59% for accelerated aging and 4,28% vigor evaluated by the tetrazolium test. Soil pH was negatively correlated with germination, emergence, and viability. The grid point per hectare and a georeferenced grid sampling, spacing of 100 meters between points, was efficient in assessing the spatial variability. Physiological quality is not uniform, particularly in nexion of vigor, providing better diagnosis through interpolation maps. Precision agriculture allows one to determine the spatial distribution of seed physiological quality in a production area of soybean seeds, facilitating decision-making, in what refers to the areas to be harvested.