, ORLANDO ANTÔNIO LUCCA FILHO 4 , FRANCISCO AMARAL VILLELA 4 RESUMO -Os resultados de pesquisas desenvolvidas demonstram a eficiência da mesa densimétrica no aprimoramento da qualidade de sementes de diversas espécies, evidenciando superioridade da qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes coletadas nas posições superiores em relação às posições inferiores da zona de descarga da mesa. Considerando o reduzido número de trabalhos publicados sobre beneficiamento de sementes de hortaliças em especial sobre couve brócolis, cujas sementes apresentam diferenças no peso específico em virtude da desuniformidade de maturação das sementes, é importante estudar a influência da utilização da mesa densimétrica na classificação de sementes dessa espécie. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de couve brócolis, beneficiadas em mesa densimétrica. As sementes inicialmente foram limpas em máquina de ar e peneiras e a seguir beneficiadas em mesa densimétrica. O eixo terminal de descarga da mesa densimétrica de 1,00m de largura foi dividido em quatro partes. Os tratamentos constituíram das frações obtidas no depósito da alimentação e nas partes: alta, intermediária alta, intermediária baixa e baixa, da zona de descarga da mesa densimétrica. As sementes de couve brócolis descarregadas na parte alta da zona de descarga da mesa densimétrica apresentaram qualidade fisiológica significativamente superior às sementes descarregadas nas partes baixa e repasse da fração intermediária baixa, sendo recomendável a remoção da fração direcionada para a parte baixa, visando o aprimoramento dos atributos fisiológicos e sanitários do lote.Termos para indexação: Brassica oleraceae var. itálica, vigor, beneficiamento, sanidade. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY OF BORECOLE BROCCOLIS SEEDS BENEFITED ON A DENSIMETRIC TABLEABSTRACT -The results of developed research demonstrate the efficiency of the densimetric table in the improvement of the quality of seed lots of diverse species, evidencing superior physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds in the upper positions in relation to the lower positions of the discharge zone. Considering the few reports on the improvement of vegetable seeds, especially borecole broccolis and, moreover the desuniformity of maturation of this species, that is reflected in the specific weight of the seeds, is important to study the influence of the use of the densimetric table on the performance of borecole broccolis seeds. The present study was carried out to verify the physiological and sanitary quality of borecole broccolis seeds, benefited by the densimetric table. The seeds had initially been cleaned in an air machine and sieved and then benefited on the densimetric

ABSTRACT. Genetic variability of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Brazil is wide, being this the result of natural and cultural selection during pre-and post-domestication of the species in different environments. Given the number of species of the genus found in the region (38 of a total of 98 species), the central region of Brazil was defined as the primary center of cassava diversity. Therefore, genetic diversity characterization of cassava accessions is fundamental, both for farmers and for plant breeders, because it allows the organization of genetic resources and better utilization of available genetic diversity. This research aims to assess genetic divergence of cassava accessions from the south-central region of the State of Mato Grosso, based on multi-categorical morphological traits. For this purpose, 38 qualitative and quantitative morphological descriptors were used. Genetic diversity was expressed by the genetic similarity index, with subsequent clustering of accessions by the modified Tocher's procedure and UPGMA. Of 38 descriptors, only growth habit of stem showed no variability. Tocher and UPGMA methods were efficient and corroborated on group composition. Both methods were able to group accessions of different localities in distinct group consistency.

RESUMOA inoculação de fungos fitopatogênicos em sementes pela técnica da restrição hídrica é relativamente recente. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de potenciais osmóticos (-0.4, -0,6 e -0.8) do substrato BDA, modificado por adição de sacarose, em interação com o tempo de exposição (46, 72 e 96 h), na infeção de sementes de trigo por Bipolaris sorokiniana. Foram analisadas a eficiência da infecção e a inibição da germinação durante e após a aplicação dos tratamentos. De acordo com os resultados, períodos de tempo superiores a 48 horas de exposição à colônia fúngica não foram inibitórios a germinação completa das sementes, a qual incrementou linearmente com o aumento do tempo de contato com o inóculo fúngico. A eficiência de infecção não diferiu para os potenciais osmóticos e tempo de exposição, variando de 0,53 a 0,92. No entanto, a capacidade germinativa das sementes após os tratamentos foi significativamente reduzida após o período de 48 horas de exposição das sementes ao substrato modificado contendo a cultura fúngica. Palavras-chave: potencial osmótico, sanidade de sementes, inoculação artificial. ABSTRACT Infection of wheat seeds by Bipolaris sorokoniana using a water restriction techniqueSeed inoculation with pathogenic fungi using the water restriction technique is relatively recent. This study aimed to verify the effect of osmotic potentials (-0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa) of PDA substrate modified by the amendment of sucrose in interaction with the period of exposure (48, 72 and 96 h) of wheat seeds to colonies of Bipolaris sorokiniana. Infection efficiency and inhibition of seed germination during and after treatment were the variables analyzed. The results of this study show that an exposure period longer than 48 hours to the fungal colonies did not inhibit full germination of the seeds. The germination rate increased linearly as the exposure period to the fungal colony was increased. Infection efficiency was not affected by osmotic potential and exposure time, varying from 0.53 to 0.92. However, seed germination was significantly reduced after 48 hours of exposure to the fungal colonies.

-Stenocarpella maydis is one of the main fungi associated with maize seeds, being a causative agent of stalk and ear rot, a disease which causes considerable losses for crop-producing regions in Brazil. The organism is considered to be a pest, subject to sanitary standardisation in current programs of seed certification in the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transmission rate of the fungus from infected maize seeds. Seeds were inoculated with two isolates using a method of physiological conditioning, in which the seeds are kept in contact with colonies of the fungus for 24 (P1), 48 (P2), 72 (P3) and 96 (P4) hours. Two cultivars were used, one susceptible (C1) and one moderately resistant (C2), and the trial carried out at two temperatures (20 °C and 25 °C). The inoculated seeds were distributed individually into plastic cups containing substrate. The plants were evaluated daily for stand and the appearance of post-emergent symptoms. Based on the number of dead seeds, transmission rates reached a maximum of 90.5% at the P4 inoculum potential, this rate being greater than transmission rates achieved for symptomatic and asymptomatic infection in emerged plants. For the total transmission rate, transmission of the pathogen was seen at all inoculum potentials; these values varying from 25% for cultivar C2 at potential P1 and a temperature of 20 °C, to 93% for cultivar C2 at potential P3 and a temperature of 25 °C. RESUMO -Stenocarpella maydis é um dos principais fungos que se associam às sementes de milho, sendo um dos agentes causais da podridão do colmo e da espiga, que ocasiona perdas consideráveis em regiões produtoras desta cultura no Brasil. O referido organismo tem sido enquadrado como uma praga sujeita a padronização sanitária em programas de certificação de sementes vigentes no país. O objetivo nesse trabalho foi avaliar a taxa de transmissão do referido fungo a partir de sementes de milho infectadas. As sementes foram inoculadas com dois isolados pelo método de condicionamento fisiológico no qual as sementes são mantidas em contato com colônias do fungo por 24 (P1), 48 (P2), 72 (P3) e 96 (P4) horas. Foram utilizadas duas cultivares, uma suscetível (C1) e outra moderadamente resistente (C2) e o ensaio conduzido em duas temperaturas (20 e 25 °C). As sementes inoculadas foram distribuídas individualmente em copos plásticos contendo substrato. As plantas foram avaliadas diariamente quanto ao estande e aparecimento de sintomas em pós-emergência. Com base em sementes mortas, as taxas de transmissão alcançaram o percentual máximo de 90,5% para o potencial de inóculo P4, sendo esta taxa mais alta do que as alcançadas pelas taxas de transmissão para infecção sintomática e assintomática em plantas emergidas. Em relação à taxa de transmissão total, observou-se a transmissão do patógeno em todos os potenciais de inóculo, variando estes valores entre 25% para C2 no potencial P1 sob temperatura de 20 °C e 93% para C2 no potencial P3 sob temperatura de 25 °C.Palavras-chave: Fitopatologia. Patol...

Sorghum biomass is an interesting raw material for bioenergy production due to its versatility, potential of being a renewable energy source, and low-cost of production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of biomass sorghum genotypes and to estimate genotypic, phenotypic, and environmental correlations, and direct and indirect effects of seven agronomic traits through path analysis. Thirty-four biomass sorghum genotypes and two forage sorghum genotypes were cultivated in a randomized block design with three replicates. The following morpho-agronomic traits were evaluated: flowering date, stem diameter, number of stems, plant height, number of leaves, green mass production, and dry matter production. There were significant differences at the 1% level for all traits. The highest genotypic correlation was found between the traits green mass production and dry matter production. The path analysis demonstrated that green mass production and number of leaves can assist in the selection of dry matter production.

-Stenocarpella maydis and Stenocarpella macrospora species causing leaf spots and stem and ear rots, can be transported and disseminated between cultivating areas through seeds. The objective was to transform isolates of species of Stenocarpella with GFP and DsRed and to correlate different inoculum potentials with the effect caused by the presence of these pathogens in the tissues of maize seeds. The isolates were transformed with introduction of the genes in their nuclei, employing the technique of protoplast transformation. Seeds were inoculated by osmotic conditioning method with transformed and not transformed isolates, with different periods of exposition of seeds to those isolates, characterizing the inoculum potentials, P1 (24 h), P2 (48 h), P3 (72 h) and P4 (96 h). The seeds inoculated with isolates expressing GFP and DsRed in both species elucidated by means of the intensities of the emitted fluorescence, the ability of those organisms to cause infection and colonization in different inoculum potentials. The potentials P3 and P4 caused the highest levels of emitted fluorescence for the colonization by both pathogens. A comprehensive and abundant mycelial growth in the colonized seed structures were well visualized at potential P3 and P4 by means of SEM.Index terms: seed pathology, genetic transformation, GFP, DsRed protein, fungus.Colonização de sementes de milho por duas espécies de Stenocarpella transformados com proteínas fluorescentes e avaliadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura RESUMO -Stenocarpella maydis e Stenocarpella macrospora, espécies causadoras de manchas foliares, podridões em plantas e grãos ardidos de milho, podem ser transportadas e dispersas para áreas produtoras através das sementes. O objetivo foi transformar isolados de espécies de Stenocarpella com GFP e DsRed e correlacionar diferentes potenciais de inóculo com o efeito causado pela presença desses patógenos nos tecidos de sementes de milho. Os isolados foram transformados por meio da introdução dos genes nos seus núcleos, empregando a técnica de transformação de protoplastos. Sementes foram inoculadas pelo método de condicionamento osmótico com isolados transformados e não transformados, com diferentes tempos de exposição das sementes a estes isolados, caracterizando os potenciais de inóculo, P1 (24 h), P2 (48 h), P3 (72 h) e P4 (96 h). As sementes inoculadas, com isolados transformados expressando GFP e DsRed, de ambas as espécies, elucidaram por meio das intensidades das fluorescências emitidas, a capacidade desses organismos de causarem infecção e colonização em diferentes potenciais de inóculo, tendo P3 e P4, provocado as maiores intensidades de fluorescência pelas colonizações dos patógenos. Um abrangente e abundante crescimento micelial nas estruturas colonizadas das sementes foi observado nos potenciais P3 e P4, por meio da MEV.Termos para indexação: patologia de sementes, transformação genética, proteína GFP, proteína DsRed, fungo.1

The occurrence of diseases is a limiting factor in the development of sorghum crop. Among the diseases that causes losses in sorghum production, anthracnose is the main and most severe, mainly by the genetic variability of the pathogen. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of Colletotrichum sublineolum isolates. DNA were extracted from 56 monosporic isolates of C. sublineolum using a DNA extraction kit, and to perform the analysis of genetic diversity of the isolates were used ISSR primers. After amplification, it was determined the polymorphic information content (PIC), allelic frequency, UPGMA and Tocher clustering analyzes and, using software Structure, the genetic structure. According to the descriptive analysis of the genetic variability of C. Sublineolum isolates, primer AP1 presented the higher value of polymorphic information content (PIC). The higher allelic frequency was observed in loci 06, 09, 10, and 24, and the lowest in locus 02. As for the clustering method, it was observed a tendency of grouping C. sublineolum isolates according the geographic origin and, in addition to demonstrating the genetic variability between the C. sublineolum isolates, it was observed the occurrence of introgression among the isolates.

Among the most produced cereals worldwide, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), presents low productivity in Brazil, mainly due to the occurrence of diseases, with a prominence of sooty stripe, caused by the fungus Ramulispora sorghi, until then considered a secondary disease, has increased its incidence and severity, especially in conditions of high humidity and temperature. The most efficient means of control is the use of resistant cultivars, in this sense, studies on the genetic variability of the fungus through molecular markers are of great importance for the breeding programs of sorghum. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability in isolates of Ramulispora sorghi belonging to the mycoteca of the Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Biotechnology of the Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, campus of Cáceres, via molecular markers of the ISSR type. The results indicate the existence of genetic variability among the isolates of R. sorghi. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) showed that the primers were classified as medium informational with an average value of 0.27. 71 polymorphic fragments were formed considering the 40 isolates of R. sorghi, which presented the value of k = 2, represent the differentiation of the isolates into two distinct clusters. The genetic dissimilarity measures were estimated by the Coefficient of Nei and Li, where the combination between the isolates B107/16 (15) and B103/15 (16) obtained the smallest magnitude (0,12) and the combinations between isolates B111/16 (2) and S114/15 (33), S316/15 (3) and S114/15 (33), B115/16 (4) and S114/15 (33), B118/16 (6) and S114/15 (33) were more dissimilar (1,00). The “UPGMA” method provided a breakdown of the 40 isolates into 4 distinct groups. The Cophenetic Correlaction Coefficient (CCC) presented significant value with r = 0,84. The Tocher’s optimization method allowed the 40 isolates to be distributed in 10 different groups. These results provide relevant information on the genetic variability among the 40 isolates of R. sorghi analyzed. In addition, they indicate that fungus have a wide genetic diversity, and have been recurring in different regions of Brazil and the world, and thus, larger studies become essential for more effective control measures.