The environmental heterogeneity may reflect the different morphological and phenotypic traits of individuals belonging to a single species. We used 14 morphological traits of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. to understanding the relation between environment and phenotypic traits. Twenty-five fruits were collected from each of the 10 individuals sampled in each study site: Chapada dos Guimarães (CG), Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade (VB), and Alta Floresta (AF). We analyzed the genetic divergence, using the standardized Euclidean distance, the sequential method of Tocher, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), and the projection of the distances onto 2D plane, and calculated the relative importance of the traits evaluated. The analysis showed the partition of individuals into three main groups: Two groups comprising the majority of individuals. Fresh fruit weight, pulp rate, fresh pulp weight, and moisture rate were the traits that most helped explaining the difference between materials. The results shown in the current study evidenced the influence of these three different environments on the biometric traits of M. flexuosa. Such influence has led to the formation of Alta Floresta and Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade individuals in different groups, whereas the Chapada dos Guimarães individuals were able to permeate the two other groups, although they showed stronger tendency to group with individuals from Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade.

As atividades agrícolas e não agrícolas têm sido uma pauta de discussão importante no contexto histórico e social do meio rural brasileiro. Silva (1997) percebe que o meio rural não é sinônimo de agrícola, pois não é possível caracterizá-lo sendo somente agrícola, uma vez que outras variáveis são inseridas como atividades rurais não agrícolas, que ocupam espaço nas áreas rurais. As atividades não agrícolas surgem como uma nova forma de rendimento agrícola, pois muitas famílias dependem, exclusivamente, dessas atividades para poderem sobreviver (CRUZ et al., 2018). Klein (1992) argumenta a existência de três hipóteses que explicam a evolução das atividades rurais não agrícolas. A primeira está relacionada à distribuição geográfica e demográfica da população em um território, que pode variar de um país a outro. A segunda, a tecnologia voltada à agricultura, que permitiu maior crescimento dos serviços auxiliares às atividades agrícolas; e, a terceira, que retrata o desenvolvimento do mercado de trabalho agrícola e não agrícola. Na visão desse autor, a evolução dessas atividades agrícolas e não agrícolas indica que a estrutura do emprego rural não agrícola está se tornando cada vez mais similar ao mercado de trabalho urbano.Na região nordeste, por exemplo, a população ocupada nas atividades agrícolas e não agrícolas corresponde a 37% e 39%, respectivamente, entretanto, é uma região que continua sofrendo com problemas históricos relacionados à má distribuição da renda, a seca, a fome, a pobreza, que atingem boa parte da população.No Piauí, a agricultura é caracterizada pela predominância de pequenos agricultores, com base familiar e, tecnologicamente, sem correlação com os padrões modernos de produção, sendo considerado o segundo estado, depois do Maranhão, com maior índice relativo de população rural, cujo percentual é 41,8%, por outro lado, observa-se a ocorrência de um crescimento importante das atividades não agrícolas no meio rural piauiense.Diante desse contexto e dada a importância das atividades agrícolas e não agrícolas para o desenvolvimento do meio rural brasileiro, especialmente no Piauí, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar a evolução do grau de concentração das atividades agrícolas e não agrícolas nas microrregiões do Piauí no período de 2000 a 2019. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foi mensurado o grau de concentração dessas atividades nas microrregiões piauienses, com base nos dados disponíveis no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). MÉTODOEsta pesquisa analisou o grau de concentração das atividades produtivas agrícolas e não agrícolas nas microrregiões do Piauí no período de 2000 a 2019, através da aplicação do Índice Razão de Concentração e do Índice de Herfindahl-Hirschman. Neste sentido, buscou identificar as atividades produtivas agrícolas e não agrícolas que mais se concentraram nas microrregiões do Piauí, e para uma melhor interpretação e aprofundamento da pesquisa, considerou-se como referência os principais autores que abordaram a metodologia utilizada na pesquisa, al...

The occurrence of diseases is a limiting factor in the development of sorghum crop. Among the diseases that causes losses in sorghum production, anthracnose is the main and most severe, mainly by the genetic variability of the pathogen. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of Colletotrichum sublineolum isolates. DNA were extracted from 56 monosporic isolates of C. sublineolum using a DNA extraction kit, and to perform the analysis of genetic diversity of the isolates were used ISSR primers. After amplification, it was determined the polymorphic information content (PIC), allelic frequency, UPGMA and Tocher clustering analyzes and, using software Structure, the genetic structure. According to the descriptive analysis of the genetic variability of C. Sublineolum isolates, primer AP1 presented the higher value of polymorphic information content (PIC). The higher allelic frequency was observed in loci 06, 09, 10, and 24, and the lowest in locus 02. As for the clustering method, it was observed a tendency of grouping C. sublineolum isolates according the geographic origin and, in addition to demonstrating the genetic variability between the C. sublineolum isolates, it was observed the occurrence of introgression among the isolates.

Among the most produced cereals worldwide, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), presents low productivity in Brazil, mainly due to the occurrence of diseases, with a prominence of sooty stripe, caused by the fungus Ramulispora sorghi, until then considered a secondary disease, has increased its incidence and severity, especially in conditions of high humidity and temperature. The most efficient means of control is the use of resistant cultivars, in this sense, studies on the genetic variability of the fungus through molecular markers are of great importance for the breeding programs of sorghum. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability in isolates of Ramulispora sorghi belonging to the mycoteca of the Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Biotechnology of the Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, campus of Cáceres, via molecular markers of the ISSR type. The results indicate the existence of genetic variability among the isolates of R. sorghi. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) showed that the primers were classified as medium informational with an average value of 0.27. 71 polymorphic fragments were formed considering the 40 isolates of R. sorghi, which presented the value of k = 2, represent the differentiation of the isolates into two distinct clusters. The genetic dissimilarity measures were estimated by the Coefficient of Nei and Li, where the combination between the isolates B107/16 (15) and B103/15 (16) obtained the smallest magnitude (0,12) and the combinations between isolates B111/16 (2) and S114/15 (33), S316/15 (3) and S114/15 (33), B115/16 (4) and S114/15 (33), B118/16 (6) and S114/15 (33) were more dissimilar (1,00). The “UPGMA” method provided a breakdown of the 40 isolates into 4 distinct groups. The Cophenetic Correlaction Coefficient (CCC) presented significant value with r = 0,84. The Tocher’s optimization method allowed the 40 isolates to be distributed in 10 different groups. These results provide relevant information on the genetic variability among the 40 isolates of R. sorghi analyzed. In addition, they indicate that fungus have a wide genetic diversity, and have been recurring in different regions of Brazil and the world, and thus, larger studies become essential for more effective control measures.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the reaction of biomass and saccharin sorghum genotypes to a isolate of the Ramulispora sorghi. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in a greenhouse. The variables analyzed were: area below the disease curve progress; lesion length (LL), lesions width (LW); normalized area below the curve of the lesion area expansion; incubation period and latency period. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and multivariate analysis based on Mahalanobis distance, using the Tocher and UPGMA clustering method. Significant differences were observed in the level of (p<0.01) and (p<0.05), for almost all variables analyzed. Of the 45 correlations, only 22 (48.89%) were significant by t-test, regardless of significance (p<0.01 or 0.05), where it was observed that in all significant correlations were positive, indicating that the reaction symptoms correlate between the variables evaluated. The groupings generated by the Tocher and UPGMA clustering method were in agreement to group genotypes with the same behavior in relation to reaction to Ramulispora sorghi. From the observed results, it was verified that all evaluated genotypes presented ramulispora spot symptoms, thus demonstrating their susceptibility to the pathogen.

This research aimed to broaden the knowledge of the academic community about the challenges of this neoplasm and to identify the scientific evidence on the role of nurses in strategies for adherence/educational actions to the preventive exam of prostate cancer. This is a qualitative, exploratory, literature review, based on the question: How can nurses contribute to adherence strategies in relation to rectal examination for prostate cancer diagnosis? The results showed that nurses have a significant role in preventive actions and adherence in relation to the rectal examination, and that there should be campaigns to deconstruct ideas linked to the myth that rectal touch hurts the masculinity of men.