-The aim of this study was to define the influence of treatments with different seed spray volumes and their effects on the physical and physiological quality. The soybean seeds from cultivars NA 5909 RG and BMX Potência RR were used and three lots of each cultivar were selected in sieves of different diameters (5.5; 6.0 and 6.5 mm). The treatments consisted of different seed volumes: 1) non-treated seeds; 2) 600 mL.100 kg of seeds -1 ; 3) 800 mL.100 kg of seeds -1 ; 4) 1000 mL.100 kg of seeds -1 ; 5) 1200 mL.100 kg of seeds -1; 6) 1400 mL.100 kg of seeds -1 . The physical parameters evaluated were mechanical damage, water content and variations in the length and width of the seeds. The physiological seed quality was determined by germination, first count germination, length and dry weight of seedlings, field emergence and emergence speed index tests. In terms of use of the product in liquid form, it is possible to use the treatment in spray volumes up to 1400 mL.100 kg seed -1 , regardless the cultivar or seed size and without damaging the soybean seeds physically and physiologically.
RESUMOA profundidade de semeadura pode interferir na emergência das plântulas e no seu estabelecimento inicial. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência da profundidade de semeadura sobre a expressão do vigor de sementes e o desempenho inicial de plântulas de feijoeiro. Utilizaram-se sementes das cultivares IPR-Gralha e IPR-Tiziu e os tratamentos consistiram em diferentes profundidades de semeadura, 15; 30; 45 e 60 mm. Foram avaliados emergência, comprimento e matéria seca de raízes e parte aérea, área foliar, razão de parte aérea, raiz e área foliar. A emergência e a matéria seca das plântulas reduziram com a profundidade de semeadura. A razão de área foliar aumentou na cultivar IPR-Tiziu até a profundidade de 30 mm e na cultivar IPR-Gralha foi crescente com o aumento da profundidade de semeadura. O aumento na profundidade de semeadura reduz a expressão do vigor e o desempenho inicial de plântulas de feijoeiro.Palavras-chave: estande de plantas, performance de plântulas, Phaseolus vulgaris L., qualidade fisiológica Seed vigor and initial performance of bean seedlings under different sowing depths ABSTRACTThe sowing depth can influence the seedling emergence and its initial establishment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sowing depth on the expression of vigor and initial performance of bean seedlings. The cultivars used were IPRGralha and IPR-Tiziu and the treatments consisted of different sowing depths 15, 30, 45 and 60 mm. The parameters evaluated were emergence, seedling length (root and shoot), seedling dry weight (root and shoot), leaf area, shoot/root ratio and leaf area ratio. The emergence and seedling dry weight were reduced with the sowing depth. The leaf area ratio increased in the cultivar IPR-Tiziu until depth of 30 mm and in the cultivar IPR-Gralha increased with the depth of sowing. Increased sowing depth decreased the vigor expression and initial performance of bean seedlings.
-Adequate nutrients for plants are important for increasing the yield and quality of the seeds produced. The objective of this study was to evaluate foliar fertilization with silicon in wheat and its effect on seed yield and physiological quality. Treatments consisted of two silicon dosages (three and six liters silicon per hectare) and the control (no silicon) and five wheat cultivars: OR "Quartzo", OR "Ônix", Fundacep "Linhagem", Fundacep "Campo Real" and Fundacep "Horizonte". The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. After physiological maturity, harvesting and threshing of the seeds were done manually. Seed samples were evaluated for yield and physiological quality from the germination test, first germination count, seedling dry weight, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, 1000 seeds and hectoliter weights. The results showed that the foliar application of silicon at the dosages tested did not affect the yield and physiological quality of the seeds produced by the wheat cultivars.Index terms: Triticum aestivum L., fertilization, seed vigor.Aplicação foliar de silício e alterações no rendimento e na qualidade de sementes de trigo RESUMO -A disponibilidade adequada de nutrientes às plantas é de fundamental importância tanto para incrementos em rendimento bem como, para a produção de sementes de elevada qualidade. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da adubação foliar com silício em trigo, no rendimento e na qualidade fisiológica das sementes produzidas. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas doses de silício aplicados via foliar (três e seis litros de silício por hectare), além da testemunha (sem aplicação do produto). Foram utilizadas cinco cultivares de trigo (OR "Quartzo", OR "Ônix", Fundacep "Linhagem", Fundacep "Campo Real" e Fundacep "Horizonte"). O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Após a maturidade fisiológica, efetuou-se a colheita e a debulha das sementes de forma manual. Posteriormente, as amostras foram encaminhadas ao laboratório de análise de sementes onde foram efetuadas as avaliações do rendimento e da qualidade das sementes, por meio dos testes de germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, massa seca de plântulas, envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica, massa de mil sementes e massa hectolitro. A aplicação de silício, nas cultivares de trigo e nas doses testadas, não afeta o rendimento nem a qualidade fisiológica das sementes produzidas.Termos para indexação: Triticum aestivum L., nutrição, vigor de sementes.1
The aim of this work was to evaluate the physiological performance and some attributes of wheat seeds originated from plants submitted to soil flooding at different stages of development. The treatments consisted of periods of soil flooding, absence of flooding, two floods and three floods of the soil. Each flood lasted for three days. For the evaluation of the physiological quality, the seeds were submitted to the tests of germination and first germination count, germination speed index, shoot and primary root length, shoot and primary root dry matter mass, harvest index, thousand seed mass, electrical conductivity and isoenzymatic analysis. The increase of the soil flooding period did not affect germination, while the germination speed andindex, the harvest index and the thousand seed mass were lower in plants under the higher periods of soil flooding. The expression and intensity of bands of acid phosphatase and peroxidase isoenzymes were differently altered by periods of flooding. Thus, soil flooding negatively influences the physiological performance, the thousand seed mass and the harvest index when the plants are submitted to flooding of the soil.
Lipoxygenase enzymes are relevant in several characteristics of soybean seeds, such as germination performance, storage capacity and tolerance to infection by microorganisms. In this sense, the study of allelic variations of the genes related to that enzyme may be promising for the development of molecular markers associated with phenotypic characteristics which are relevant to seed physiology. This study aimed to identify mutations in lipoxygenase sequence expressed in black soybean seed coat. After isolation of the sequence of interest by the cDNA-AFLP technique, such sequence was compared with sequences of nucleotides and proteins of the lipoxygenase present in yellow soybean seed coat. Analysis of multiple sequence alignment has shown an expressive number of changes in the sequence of nucleotides, which have resulted in the modification of 13 amino acids in the translated protein. The identification of such mutations widens the possibility for further studies involving the association of these allelic variations with phenotypic differences of interest to seeds physiology.
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