A high-efficiency fluoranthene-degrading bacterium Paenibacillus sp. PRNK-6 was isolated from PAH-contaminated soil. The strain degrades 96% (240 mg l) of fluoranthene in 48 h. Various metabolic intermediates of fluoranthene catabolism were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). Metabolite characterization, metabolite-feeding experiments, and appropriate enzyme activities in the cell-free extracts suggest the existence of a bifurcated pathway down the phthalic acid for complete mineralization of fluoranthene in PRNK-6. In this strain, fluoranthene catabolism begins by the attack on the fused aromatic ring portion of fluoranthene. Two terminal aromatic metabolites protocatechuate and catechol undergo ring cleavage by protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, respectively, and enter the central metabolism.
A bacterium sp. TRMK2 capable of utilizing cinnamic acid was isolated from agro-industrial waste by enrichment culture technique. This strain completely utilizes 5 mM cinnamic acid within 18 h of incubation. The different metabolites formed during the degradation of cinnamic acid were characterized by GC-HRMS. The involvement of various enzymes, namely cinnamate reductase, 3-phenylpropionic acid hydroxylase,-hydroxybenzoic acid hydroxylase and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase in cinnamic acid degradation was demonstrated. A catabolic pathway for cinnamic acid in sp. TRMK2 is as follows: Cinnamic acid; 3-Phenylpropionic acid; 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid; 4-Hydroxy benzoic acid and Protocatechuic acid. Further, this strain is capable of utilizing various phenolic compounds.
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