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Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), which incorporate adsorptive particles during membrane casting, can be prepared simply and have performances that are competitive with other membrane chromatography materials. The application of MMM chromatography for fractionation of beta-Lactoglobulin from bovine whey is described in this article. MMM chromatography was prepared using ethylene vinyl alcohol polymer and lewatit anion exchange resin to form a flat sheet membrane. The membrane was characterized in terms of structure and its static and dynamic binding capacities were measured. The optimum binding for beta-Lactoglobulin was found to be at pH 6.0 using 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer. The MMM had a static binding capacity of 120 mg/g membrane (36 mg/mL membrane) and 90 mg/g membrane (27 mg/mL membrane) for beta-Lactoglobulin and alpha-Lactalbumin, respectively. In batch fractionation of whey, the MMM showed selective binding towards beta-Lactoglobulin compared to other proteins. The dynamic binding capacity of beta-Lactoglobulin in whey solution was about 80 mg/g membrane (24 mg beta-Lac/mL of MMM), which is promising for whey fractionation using this technology. This is the first reported application of MMM chromatography to a dairy feed stream.

Uncontrolled disposal of feathers from the poultry industry and slaughterhouses is environmentally undesirable. The feathers are composed of approximately 90% of keratin which is an important ingredient of cosmetics, shampoos and hair treatment creams. This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions for the extraction of keratin from chicken feathers. The extraction of keratin using various reducing agents was studied using statistical experimental design. In the extraction process, pH, temperature, ratio of reducing agents, mass of chicken feathers and incubation time were analyzed. The keratin in the total extracted protein was purified by size exclusion chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and further characterized using amino acids profile analysis. The surface morphology and chemical composition were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Sodium sulfide (Na 2 S) yielded 84.5% of keratin as compared to sodium hydroxide (43.8), urea mixture (50.6), mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium bisulfite (18.3) and a mixture of Na 2 S and sodium hydroxide (41.5%) under optimized conditions. The optimum yield of keratin was achieved at 80.9°C in 9.5 h with 0.05 M sodium sulfide using response surface methodology (RSM). Among the five parameters screened, pH was found not to be significant because the p value was greater than 0.05.

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