Fabrication of carbon membranes for gas separation––a review

Saufi, Syed M.; Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2003.10.022

Cited by 489 publications

(263 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Many studies have been performed in order to improve the performance of membrane materials for gas separation and significant effort has been focused on the synthesis of gas separation membranes based on materials that provide better selectivity, thermal and chemical stability, than those already in use such as polymeric membranes [4]. Moreover, a highly selective membrane for gas separation has to allow separation between small molecules with similar sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are chemically and thermally resistant, CMSM present significant problems related to their performance stability; they appear to be more vulnerable to oxidation, humidity and to blockage of the pore [4]. Additional pore constrictions may be incorporated in the pore system by oxygen chemisorption and by strong adsorption of species presenting very low diffusivity; they block the pores and difficult the permeation of other species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composite-alumina-carbon molecular sieve membranes prepared from novolac resin and boehmite. Part I: Preparation, characterization and gas permeation studies

Tanco

Tanaka

Rodrigues

et al. 2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Supported composite alumina-carbon molecular sieve membranes (c-CMSM) were prepared from in house prepared novolac phenolic resin loaded with boehmite nanoparticles in a single dipping-drying-carbonization step. A porous a-alumina tube support was dipped into a N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution containing polymerized novolac resin loaded with boehmite, subsequently dried at 100 o C and carbonized at 500 o C under nitrogen environment. The structure, morphology and performance of the membranes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), carbon dioxide adsorption and permeation of N2, O2, He, H2 and CO2. SEM showed carbon membranes with a thin and very uniform layer with a thickness of ca. 3 m CO2 adsorption isotherms indicated that the produced carbon membranes presented a micro-porous structure. The c-CMSM exhibited good gas separation properties. The permselectivity surpass the Robeson upper bound for polymeric membranes, especially regarding ideal permselectivities of pairs H2/N2 = 117, and He/O2 = 49. Aging effects were observed after membrane exposure to ambient air.However with a thermal treatment under nitrogen atmosphere the permeance of nitrogen increases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite-alumina-carbon molecular sieve membranes prepared from novolac resin and boehmite. Part I: Preparation, characterization and gas permeation studies

Tanco

Tanaka

Rodrigues

et al. 2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…When transforming polyimide membranes to carbon membranes by high temperature pyrolysis, the gas transport switches from solution-diffusion to a primarily molecular sieving mechanism [23][24][25][26]. As a result, the gas separation factor surpasses the upper bound of the trade-off curve for conventional polymer membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, cross-linking and carbonization of co-polyimides containing internal acetylene units for gas separation

Xiao

Chung

Guan

et al. 2007

Journal of Membrane Science

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Cross-linkable polyimides containing internal acetylene units have been synthesized by random copolymerization of 6FDA dianhydride, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (Durene) and 4,4 ′ -diaminodiphenylacetylene (p-intA) diamine as materials for gas separation. Compared with 6FDA-Durene polyimide, 6FDA-Durene/p-intA co-polyimide shows denser polymer chain packing, which is confirmed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The thermally treated co-polyimides are insoluble in various solvents and show an increase in T g , indicating the formation of network structures among the polymer chains. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-Raman suggest that cross-linking arises from Diels-Alder cycloaddition between the internally arranged acetylene units along the polymer main chain, resulting in extended conjugated aromatic structures. The thermally cross-linked membranes show enhanced resistance to CO 2 plasticization up to around 5 × 10 6 Pa (700 psi). The rigidified membrane structure provides increased gas selectivity without severely compromising gas permeability. The gas separation performance of carbonized membranes is remarkably superior to those of neat and cross-linked copolyimides because of a large increase in rigidification in the polymer matrix. A Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction produces a much more rigid and planar conjugated aromatic structure in the polymer chains and results in a higher degree of graphitization during carbonization, which is confirmed by XPS and WAXD. Carbon membranes derived from co-polyimides with more internal acetylene units show much better gas separation performance than those derived from polyimides without internal acetylene units.

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“…The pore size of Na-C600 was estimated to be 0.3-0.35 nm, which is similar to the molecular size of carbon dioxide (0.33 nm). Na-C600 selectively removed 95 % of water vapor from propylene (4.4 vol%) at a feed flow rate of 30 L m 2 min 1 .…”

Section: Selective Dehydration Of Olefin Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The permeability is defined as the transport flux of material through the membrane per unit driving force per unit membrane thickness. The permeability is commonly expressed in Barrer units, where 1 Barrer 1 10 10 cm 3 (STP) cm cm 2 s 1 cm Hg 1 3.35 10 16 mol m m 2 s 1 Pa 1 . The selectivity is determined as a factor of the ideal separation based on the ratio of the permeability for the selected gas pairs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of Novel Hollow-fiber Carbon Membranes Derived from Poly(phenylene oxide)

Yoshimune

2015

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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Novel hollow-fiber carbon membranes were successfully fabricated using poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) and derivatives as a precursor polymer. These free-standing carbon membranes had permeation properties above the upper bound of conventional polymeric membranes including PPO precursor polymers. Metal-containing carbon membranes derived from sulfonated PPO (SPPO) were also prepared by the ion exchange method and the effect of metal cations on the gas transport properties was studied. Transition metal ions such as Ag significantly enhanced gas permeabilities without affecting the ideal selectivities. The development of flexible hollowfiber carbon membranes was successfully achieved using SPPO as a precursor polymer. Superior flexibility combined with excellent gas separation performance were obtained by pyrolysis at 600 ºC. The present findings indicate the potential for commercial application of carbon membranes. Some applications of carbon membranes were also investigated such as selective dehydration of olefin gases, alcohol dehydration by pervaporation and CO2/CH4 mixed gas separation.

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Fabrication of carbon membranes for gas separation––a review

Cited by 489 publications

References 88 publications

Composite-alumina-carbon molecular sieve membranes prepared from novolac resin and boehmite. Part I: Preparation, characterization and gas permeation studies

Composite-alumina-carbon molecular sieve membranes prepared from novolac resin and boehmite. Part I: Preparation, characterization and gas permeation studies

Synthesis, cross-linking and carbonization of co-polyimides containing internal acetylene units for gas separation

Development and Application of Novel Hollow-fiber Carbon Membranes Derived from Poly(phenylene oxide)

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