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Abstract. Muhallilin I, Aisyah SI, Dewi Sukma D. 2019. The diversity of morphological characteristics and chemical content of Celosia cristata plantlets due to gamma ray irradiation. Biodiversitas 20: 862-866. Celosia cristata L. or better known as Jengger Ayam is an ornamental plant that has a unique flower shape with attractive colors. Besides, this plant also contains antioxidants and chemical compounds that are used for traditional medicine to treat high blood pressure, and diabetes or as eye ailments. Increased diversity of C. cristata through hybridization techniques is constrained by flowers forming small grains that makes it difficult for castration and isolation of reproductive organs. This study aimed to increase C. cristata diversity of morphology and chemical content using mutation techniques induced by gamma irradiation. Plantlets were irradiated at 0, 25, 50 and 75 Gy doses. Scoring was conducted for 5 weeks until MV6 generation. Planlets were acclimatized for 3 weeks. The surviving plants were moved onto experimental land until seeded and tested for phytochemicals. Gamma irradiation with 25, 50 and 75 Gy doses produced 4 clones that have morphological changes in color and shape of the stem, leaves, and flowers. Changes in chemical content were observed with the appearance of triterpenoid compounds in 1 clone irradiated with 25 Gy.

Plantlets of the ornamental plant Celosia cristata were irradiated with gamma rays to increase their genetic diversity. This study was aimed to establish  the lethal levels of gamma radiation  (LD20, LD30 and LD50) for  C. cristata plantlets.   The irradiation doses used were 0, 25, 50 and 75 Gy. The growth of irradiated plantlets was evaluated to the third generation. Irradiated C. cristata MV1 plantlets showed a decrease in growth, with plantlets irradiated at 75 Gy showing only 30% survival.   Abnormal growth characteristics observed  in the  third generation plantlets included  the shortening of internodes, and curling of leaves.  LD50, LD30 and LD20 of C. cristata were 68.73 Gy, 46.68 Gy and 35.65 Gy, respectively.

The leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. (Lamiaceae) is a perennial plant that contained flavonoids compounds with have antidiabetic properties. The aim of the work was to select the best solvent for extraction of the flavonoid compounds from torbangun leaves. A statistical simplex-centroid mixture design for the water, ethanol, and hexane solvents has been used to the extraction of extract yield, flavonoids content, and inhibitory α-glucosidase activity of torbangun leaves.  The ethanol-water extracts showed the highest extract yield with value of 15.92%. The ethanol-hexane extracts presented the highest total flavonoids content, 96.30 mg QE/g, followed by hexane extract (82.91 mg QE/g). The ethanol extract recorded higher inhibitory of α-glucosidase activity, with value of 25.53%, followed by hexane extract (25.21%), and ethanol-water extract (23.02%). The weak correlation between the α-glucosidase inhibition and total flavonoids content showed that flavonoids contribute non-significantly to the α-glucosidase activity.

Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) have various in fruit shapes, fruit colors, fruit types, hot tasty and biochemical compound useful for fresh fruit, spicy and ornamental plant. Ornamental chili ideotype that are dwarf, high fruit set and various fruit colors. The aim this study to improve description characters in Ayesha IPB variety, both qualitative and quantitative characters. The testers are 4 released varieties and 5 the other genotypes in randomized complete block design for 4 replication in green house at Leuwikopo field reserch in Darmaga, Bogor. Ayesha IPB variety showed early flower in 13-16 days after planting, harvesting for commercial bucket in 65-70 days after planting, medium plant high that is 25.218 cm, medium canopy width that is 46-53 cm, good performance in canopy, round shape on fuit tip, various fuit colors that are  yellow green for young fruit, orange for intermediate fuit and orange red for mature of fruit. Those description characters could be ornamental chili for Ayesha, so it is important to protect the plant for ornamental plant commercialization.Key word : fruit, color, red,  round, orange, ornamental

In Vitro Multiplication of  Black Orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) Using the Combination of NAA and BAPABSTRACTBlack orchid is an indigenous plant from Kalimantan, Indonesia. It becomes endangered because of forest over-exploitation and its low natural reproduction rate. Tissue culture is considered to offer a solution to conserve and propagate this species. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of Naphtalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and 6-Benzile Amino Purine (BAP) on shoots multiplication of black orchid. The basic medium used was a half of Murashige & Skoog (MS) composition supplemented with 150 mLL-1 coconut water. Initial explants used were 6-month-old shoots of germinating seeds. The shoot cultures were incubated for 23 weeks. Results showed that the best combination for shoot multiplication was NAA 0.0 mgL-1 with BAP 0.2 mgL-1. Shoot grew better on medium with BAP and without NAA while roots growth was better on medium without the two plant growth regulators. The addition of BAP up to 0.3 mgL-1 increased the leaf number, which however decreased at higher BAP concentration.Keywords: BAP, black orchid, Coelogyne pandurata, multiplication, NAA ABSTRAKAnggrek hitam merupakan flora langka asli Kalimantan, Indonesia. Keberadaa anggrek ini di alam semakin langka akibat eksploitasi berlebihan dan sulitnya perbanyakan secara alami. Kultur jaringan merupakan metode untuk mengatasi kelangkaan anggrek ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi NAA dan BAP terhadap multiplikasi anggrek hitam. Media dasar yang digunakan adalah ½ MS dengan penambahan air kelapa 150 mLL-1. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah tunas hasil semai biji umur 6 bulan. Kultur tunas diinkubasi selama 23 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi terbaik untuk multiplikasi tunas adalah NAA 0 mgL-1 dengan BAP 0,2 mgL-1. Tunas tumbuh lebih baik dalam media dengan penambahan BAP tanpa NAA, sedangkan akar pada media tanpa NAA dan BAP. Penambahan BAP sampai 0.3 mgL-1 mampu meningkatkan jumlah daun, namun menurun dengan penambahan di atas konsentrasi tersebut.Kata Kunci: anggrek hitam, BAP, Coelogyne pandurata, multiplikasi, NAA

Phalaenopsis orchid is among the popular ornamental plants in Orchidaceae family. Clonal propagation of this orchid is usually performed through protocorm like bodies (plbs) multiplication Keywords: bananas, fish emulsion, potatos, protocorm like bodies (plbs), sweet potatoes ABSTRAKAnggrek Phalaenopsis merupakan salah satu tanaman hias paling populer dalam famili Orchidaceae. Perbanyak klonal anggrek ini biasanya dilakukan melalui multiplikasi protocorm like bodies (plbs) dalam kultur in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi bahan organik nabati (ekstrak pisang, kentang, ubi jalar) dan emulsi ikan terhadap pertumbuhan, multiplikasi plbs dan regenerasi planlet Phalaenopsis amabilis. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah bahan organik nabati terdiri atas ekstrak pisang, kentang, dan ubi jalar sebanyak 50 g L -1 dan faktor kedua adalah emulsi ikan dengan empat konsentrasi yaitu 0, 2, 4 atau 6 ml L ) ditambah dengan vitamin dan myoinositol dari media Murashige dan Skoog (MS), 15% air kelapa dan 2 g L -1 arang aktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan hidup tertinggi (>90%) dan multiplikasi plbs tertinggi (sekitar 70%) ditemukan pada media kontrol yang ditambahkan emulsi ikan 2 ml L -1 atau ditambahkan ekstrak pisang atau kentang tanpa penambahan emulsi ikan. Morfogenesis plbs menjadi planlet yang terbaik sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh jumlah daun dan akar

Characterization is part of crop the breeding process aims to protect biodiversity and preserve local germplasm. Indonesia has two known species of Portulaca, Portulaca oleracea and P. grandiflora. Thirteen Portulaca accessions have been collected from Bogor area, comprising five accessions of Portulaca oleracea and eight accessions of Portulaca grandiflora. This study was aimed at the characterization of the 13 accessions and was undertaken at Indoflower BLST, Bogor, between October 2015 to February 2016. The results showed a significant difference in the color of flowers between the two species of Portulaca. The most significant difference is the overall appearance of P. oleracea species. Character color and shape of the flowers between the P. grandiflora white (GW) and P. oleracea are similar.  Significant differences between the species exist in relation to the root systems, but the root systems of accessions within each species are generally similar.  The branching characteristics between the two species and among accessions are generally similar, with branches emerging through the base of leaves or nodes.   However, there are differences in the leaf characteristics between the two species. This study has provided information on flower characteristics of P. grandiflora and P. oleraceae which will be valuable for future breeding efforts in Portulaca.