Abstract. Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2020. Ethnobotany and conservation of indigenous edible fruit plants in South Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1850-1860. The traditional knowledge system is immensely important in the context of plant resource conservation, utilization, and environmental management. The objectives of this study, therefore, were to document local knowledge on the diversity, utilization and sustainable management of indigenous fruit yielding species in the South Aceh region of Indonesia. This research was based on extensive field surveys, plant collection, and interviews with the local people, and a total of 56 indigenous edible fruit species belonging to 24 families were identified. Furthermore, the recognized varieties have numerous applications and serve multiple use categories. For example, they have been adopted as food (56 species), by medicine (16 species), construction materials (14 species), furniture (13 species) and firewood (12 species). These indigenous edible fruits are mostly used in the treatment of cough, stomach ache, diarrhea, fever, and digestive problems, and the following species are commonly traded in traditional markets Durio zibethinus, Garcinia mangostana, Mangifera indica, Mangifera foetida, Mangifera odorata, Baccaurea macrophylla, and Baccaurea lanceolata. The agricultural expansion activities in South Aceh region are assumed to present significant threats to the sustainability of indigenous edible fruit species. Conservation of indigenous fruit plants can be performed through the preservation of traditional knowledge and the promotion and domestication of indigenous fruit plant species.

Garcinia species have various benefits, such as the production of edible fruit, oil, and medicine. This study aimed to evaluating ethnobotanical knowledge and nutritional composition and sensory characteristics of Garcinia species from Aceh, Indonesia. Eight of the Garcinia fruits collected from three regencies in the province of Aceh. Analyzed the composition of Garcinia nutrition was conducted in laboratory of Universitas Samudra. The ethnobotanical data were obtained using a semi-structured interview involved sixty respondents. The sensorial evaluation of various Garcinia was performed by using 9 points hedonic scale. Ethnobotanical data and sensory evaluation were evaluated using descriptive statistics. The findings showed that Garcinia was used by local people in the province of Aceh as a source of food and traditional medicines. Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anderson was higher in total carbohydrate and crude fiber content, while the highest crude protein was found in Garcinia celebica L. Furthermore, G. mangostana was superior in flavour and color, while the highest value for flavour attributes was found in G. celebica. In general, the highest overall acceptance score was found in G. mangostana.

Langsat is a specific potential of tropical fruit, especially in the Southeast Asia region. The center of distribution this species in Indonesia is Sumatra region, including the Siberut Island. There are some local germplasms (landraces) of langsat from Siberut Island namely Seccet, Siamung, Telu toru gokgok, Elakmata, and Langsat padang. Analysis of genetic diversity and genetic divergence is very important for sustainable utilizing of this tropical fruit. Based on analyzed of fourteen accessions of langsat using ITS and MatK markers indicated that landrace of langsat from Siberut Island had the higher diversity of haplotypes (ITS, Hd = 0.95; MatK, Hd = 0.80) compared to those of the Sumatran mainland (ITS, Hd = 0.85; MatK, Hd = 0.28). Based on the phylogenetic trees of fourteen accessions analyzed showed that the accessions of langsat from Siberut Island were separated from accessions of Sumatran mainland.

Natural cavities in polyculture plantations are important for the conservation of honeybees. This study was aimed to determine the diversity, nest sizes, and fluctuations in the use of sites for nesting by Apis cerana Fabr. in polyculture plantations in two altitudes in West Sumatra. A census method was used to obtain the data variables in 10 plantations (five locations for each altitute). Polyculture plantations used as the study sites were dominated by coconut in lowland areas and coffee in highland areas. The results showed that nesting sites of Apis cerana were found amongst 18 species of plants belonging to 15 families (12 species in lowlands and seven species in highlands). Most of the nests were placed on Cocos nucifera (coconut) trees in lowland sites, and on Erythria variegata (dadap) in highland sites. Nests were also found to be located mostly in the cavities of trees with diameter 21-60 cm. Nest entrances were located at 228.31 cm above ground surface (ags) in highland and at 116.04 cm ags in lowlands. The nest entrances in highlands measured 12.21 by 3.73 cm (height and width), and in the lowlands 14.93 by 7.36 cm. The percentage of tree cavities used for nesting was statically higher in lowland (40.73%) compared to high land (17.86%), but it fluctuated very slightly in both high or lowland areas during observation. The percentage of trees with nests decreased in December and January but increased in February, with the same patterns found in both high and lowlands. Our research suggests that higher tree diversity in polyculture plantations promotes increased use by honeybees for nesting. Thus, the more tree diversity in polyculture plantations the better it could conserve natural honey bees populations.

A B S T R A C T Ectomycorrhizal fungi, Scleroderma spp., is potential to promote the growth of seedlings for forestry plants. This research explored the Scleroderma spp., from rhizosphere of Fagaceae in School of Biology forest, investigated the compatibility of Scleroderma spp., with Lithocarpus urceolaris seedlings and studied its effectiveness. The result showed that there were three species of Scleroderma: Scleroderma sinnamariense, Scleroderma columnare and Scleroderma citrinum. Lithocarpus urceolaris inoculated with Scleroderma sinnamariense, resulted in the highest growth of plants (56.55 cm) compared to S. columnare, S. citrinum and control. Diameters of seedlings inoculated with the three species of Scleroderma did not show significant different but they were significant different from control. The three species of Scleroderma had the same growth of colonizations (30%) classified as middle colonizations. There were changes in morphology and anatomy of roots from the infection of three species of Scleroderma. Mantle was clearly observed to cover the root surface and the mycelia formed the Hartig net. There was compatibility between L. urceolaris and three species of Scleroderma. It is suggested that inoculating these Scleroderma to L. urceolaris is necessary to increase the quality of growth seedling.