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Langsat is a specific potential of tropical fruit, especially in the Southeast Asia region. The center of distribution this species in Indonesia is Sumatra region, including the Siberut Island. There are some local germplasms (landraces) of langsat from Siberut Island namely Seccet, Siamung, Telu toru gokgok, Elakmata, and Langsat padang. Analysis of genetic diversity and genetic divergence is very important for sustainable utilizing of this tropical fruit. Based on analyzed of fourteen accessions of langsat using ITS and MatK markers indicated that landrace of langsat from Siberut Island had the higher diversity of haplotypes (ITS, Hd = 0.95; MatK, Hd = 0.80) compared to those of the Sumatran mainland (ITS, Hd = 0.85; MatK, Hd = 0.28). Based on the phylogenetic trees of fourteen accessions analyzed showed that the accessions of langsat from Siberut Island were separated from accessions of Sumatran mainland.

A b s t r a c t A r t i c l e I n f oThe observation was conducted to investigate the species diversity and composition structure of indigenous fruit trees on pumonean (growing fields resembling forests) belonging to the local community of Mentawai. Data were collected from the Village Matotonan of District of South Siberut and the Village Bojakan of District of North Siberut using the quadrant method, which were randomly selected and inventory the fruit tree species within are plots. All trees with diameter at breast height (1.2m) of ≥8cm were identified. The contribution of families (relative abundance) and the Importance Value Index of the fruit tree species were calculated using standar formula.The results show that in pumonean were found 14 families, 18 genera and 24 tree species. The high relative abundance of family is found in Euphorbiaceae, Bombacaceae and Meliaceae, which is 12.50%. In general the status of the 15 species of fruit trees are indigenous trees and only three exotic species. Based on Importance Value Index that D. zibethinus (22.43%) and D. carinatus (20.41%) are the dominant species and saved in pumonean. Considering the high species diversity of indigenous fruit trees on pumonean, it is necessary to immediately conserve its programmed effort.

An inventory of Gesneriaceae in Sumatra based on herbarium specimens and field trips resulted in 17 genera. The genus Cyrtandra was the most diverse genus, followed by Aeschynanthus. Here we enumerate the species of Aeschynanthus in Sumatra. Distribution and altitudinal notes on 17 species of Aeschynanthus were made and the late Mary Mendum of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh added four more species. The only endemic species of Aeschynanthus in Sumatra is A. chrysanthus; two other species, A. albidus and A. wallichii, are widely distributed in Sumatra and the rest of Malesia.

Mentawai people have a unique agricultural tradition. The traditional agricultural system (mone) is adaptive, using the plants that are suitable for the landscape. Land clearing is carefully done without destroying the entire forest. We conducted ethnobotany studies to explore the composition and the structure of the plants used in the traditional plantation (Pumonean) as well as their values for the Mentawai people in the Siberut island. We surveyed the agricultural system employed by Mentawai people and conducted vegetation assessment in the study sites. The data on the plant species and land usages were gathered from interviews with key informants in the areas. We analyzed the data using Local User's Value Index (LUVI). The plants were collected to aid with species identification and were stored at the Andalas University Herbarium (ANDA), Padang. Throughout the study, we recorded 64 species in 27 families. Euphorbiaceae was the family with the highest species diversity. Sagu (Metroxylon sago) was the species with the highest LUVI. We categorized the land usage for the traditional plantation into four categories, consisting of wetland, the edge of wetland, mixed plantations (mone), and forests (leleu). The mixed plantation was the category with the highest LUVI. Beside the traditional agricultural system, the Mentawai people also developed a more modern agricultural system. For the traditional system, Durio zibethinus was the species with the highest importance indices, whereas for the more modern system Theobroma cacao was the species with the highest importance indices.

ABSTRACTn-Hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of methanol extracts of two species of Annonaceae, Enicosanthum membranifolium Sinclair and Enicosanthum cupulare (King) Airy-Shaw, were screened for antimicrobial activity against eighteen bacterial strains using agar dilution method. The ethyl acetate fraction of the two Annonaceae plants showed higher antimicrobial activities than the n-hexane fraction. The extracts of the plants tested were significantly more active against grampositive with minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) ranging from 0.0625 to 4 mg/mL than against gram negative bacteria (MICs >4 mg/mL).

Alpinia is one genus of Zingiberaceae that is distributed throughout the tropical regions. Nine species of Alpinia have been recorded in Sumatra. In this article, we report 2 new record species for Sumatra, which are Alpinia submutica Roxb. and A. denticulata (Ridl.) Holttum. We also registered 3 sequences of them as new data in GenBank under accession number: MH087456, MH087457, and MH218561. Phylogenetic analysis using a molecular approach with their allied species in Sumatra is also presented.