A B S T R A C T Ectomycorrhizal fungi, Scleroderma spp., is potential to promote the growth of seedlings for forestry plants. This research explored the Scleroderma spp., from rhizosphere of Fagaceae in School of Biology forest, investigated the compatibility of Scleroderma spp., with Lithocarpus urceolaris seedlings and studied its effectiveness. The result showed that there were three species of Scleroderma: Scleroderma sinnamariense, Scleroderma columnare and Scleroderma citrinum. Lithocarpus urceolaris inoculated with Scleroderma sinnamariense, resulted in the highest growth of plants (56.55 cm) compared to S. columnare, S. citrinum and control. Diameters of seedlings inoculated with the three species of Scleroderma did not show significant different but they were significant different from control. The three species of Scleroderma had the same growth of colonizations (30%) classified as middle colonizations. There were changes in morphology and anatomy of roots from the infection of three species of Scleroderma. Mantle was clearly observed to cover the root surface and the mycelia formed the Hartig net. There was compatibility between L. urceolaris and three species of Scleroderma. It is suggested that inoculating these Scleroderma to L. urceolaris is necessary to increase the quality of growth seedling.

Utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (FMA) is an alternative way to improve soil fertility. Therefore, it must be developed by studying deeply the effectivity of the FMA. This is important due to either its ability to associate with almost all of vegetation family in terrestrial ecosystems or its ability to increase plant growth rate, seedlings quality, and crop yield, especially on critical land. A research about effectivity of variously indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi on P-sorption and Jatropha growth was conducted at laboratorium and glasshouse Agriculture Faculty, Andalas University. This research was aimed to gain the most effective isolate of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi on growth of and P-sorption by Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) plant on critical land. Single isolat such as Glomus sp 2 , Acaulospora sp 1 , Gigaspora sp 1 , and compound isolate M7 (Glomus sp 2 ,+ Acaulospora sp 1 + Gigaspora sp 1 ) significantly affected plant height, canopy dry matter, infection percentage and intensity, and Psorption. M7 Compound isolate was the most effective innoculum. By this isolate, height of Jatropha seedlings was 27.5 cm, canopy dry matter 5.9 g, infection percentage 78.5%, infection intensity was 49.1, and P-sorption by canopy was 1.6 g for each seedling.

Cooking banana (Musa acuminata) cv. Kepok is the most susceptible to Blood disease bacterium (BDB) infection.From previous study revealed the best isolate indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi-Pasar Usang 10 (PU10-Glomus sp 1) could induce cv.Kepok resistance to BDB in green house and field experiment. The AMF could changethe phenolic compound in root plant. This objectives were to measure the root phenolic compound and bioassayto BDB. The 50 grams fresh inoculant PU10-Glomus sp 1 were applicated to banana root plants 60 days old with 6levels time course: 12; 24; 36; 48; 72; 92 hours and control (without PU10-Glomus sp 1). The root methanolicextraction followed to Echeverri et al., (2002) methode with vacuum concentration of the filtrate and partitioninginto ethyl acetate revealed the presence of an antibacterial compound as detected by TLC (Thin LayerChromatography), assay phenolic contained by Spectrofotometer UV-Vis 1700. PharmaSpec. Shimadzu andbioassay using BDB. Nine antibacterial compounds rose from root banana seedling colonized by PU10-Glomus sp1 in 12 hours after applicated (haa) ; 24; 36 and 48 haa. They were with Rf values of 0.16; 0.17; 0.19; 0.26; 0.32; 0.37;0.71; 0.80 and 0.83 on silica plates run in hexane:ethyl acetate (1:2 v/v) and control contained only 0.05 and 0.28.These compounds produced fluorescens which was bright yellow green spots and purple and have antimicbrobialproperties to BDB.

The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( AMF ) with plants able to increase the capacity of plants to absorb nutrients and water from the soil. Recently, research was indicated that AMF hyphae containing glomalin as a glycoprotein that serves to unify the dispersed soil particles. The content of glomalin in soil is positively correlated with soil aggregate stability. The research potential of AMF species indigenous of Ultisol Darmasraya District of West Sumatra and glomalin production in experimental pots of sterile sand medium has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of AMF species on Ultisol and to seeking indigenous AMF isolates that had the best glomalin production capability. AMF spores were isolated and identified from the rhizosphere soil of corn in Ultisol. AMF species that had been identified experimentally were tested in culture medium pot of sand and zeolite (w / w 1:1) using corn crops. The results found nine of the AMF species indigenous of Ultisol Darmasraya, namely Acaulospora scrobiculata, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus luteum, Glomus mosseae, Glomus verruculosum, Glomus versiforme, Scutellospora gregaria, Scutellospora heterogama and Gigaspora sp. AMF species that showed better colonization ability in corn was G. luteum, G. verruculosum and G. versiforme. All three species produced glomalin significantly higher than the other species, i.e. 1.29 mg g-1; 1.17 mg g-1; 1.15 mg g-1, respectively. [How to Cite: Eddiwal, A Saidi, I Lenin, EF Husin and A Rasyidin. 2014. Potential Selection of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Indigenous Ultisols through the Production of Glomalin. J Trop Soils 19: 181-189. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.3.181]

Metabolism of Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) requires nitrogen from organic matter to produce glomalin on hyphae. Glomalin able to granulate the soil particles are dispersed to form a stable soil aggregates to create good soil structure. Improvement of soil structure will provide optimal conditions for the development of organisms and plant roots. AMF and the use of organic matter as a source of N for the AMF has done research on Sitiung Ultisol. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of AMF and organic material to the glomalin production, as well as its relationship with the soil physical properties. This research was conducted at the greenhouse of Faculty Agriculture Andalas University Padang. West Sumatra Indonesia. Soil samples of soil physical properties observed in the area of mycorrhiza hyphae found (mycorhizalsphere) which is influenced by differences glomalin generated by the AMF. The results of the reserach showed that treatment of AMF and Nitrogen organic ingredients affect significantly on the glomalin, whereas the effect of treatment it gives a different effect on soil physical properties. Organic materials do not affect significantly on the availability of soil water content, but very significant effect on water content at 2.54 pF. AMF species that produce a higher glomalin can be significant in improving soil physical properties, ie versiforme G. and G. luteum although without the use of organic materials or organic. Both these species give a positive response to the growth of maize by mycorrhizalsphere (MGR = mycorrhizal growth response) and nutrient uptake of maize.