This Review is an overview of the unique characteristics of cyclodextrin in forming an inclusion complex via host-guest noncovalent interactions. The modification of cyclodextrin advances its application as a pharmaceutical solubilizer, fabrication of functional molecular machines such as polyrotaxane, polypseudorotaxane, and polycatenanes and grafting of cyclodextrin with different linear, branched chain polymers. The different stimuli-based supramolecular assemblies involving cyclodextrin as a key mediator with linked triggering responses on payload release is highlighted. In addition, the applications of cyclodextrin in diagnostic imaging and medical devices is briefly demonstrated. Cyclodextrin is a relatively low cost, biocompatible, biodegradable, and highly explored material with low toxicity for drug formulation, drug delivery, and wide varieties of other biomedical applications such as those in medical devices fabrication, biosensor, tissue engineering, and bio-imaging. The toxicological profile of cyclodextrin is well established and safe for human consumption in food and medicine.

No abstract

The active stages of intestinal inflammation and the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis are associated with superficial mucosal damage and intermittent wounding that leads to epithelial barrier defects and increased permeability. The standard therapeutic interventions for colitis have focused mainly on maintaining the remission levels of the disease. Nonetheless, such treatment strategies (using anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory agents) do not address colitis' root cause, especially the mucosal damage and dysregulated intestinal barrier functions. Restoration of barrier functionality by mucosal healing or physical barrier protecting strategies shall be considered as an initial event in the disease suppression and progression. Herein, a biphasic hyaluronan (HA) enema suspension, naïve‐HA systems that protect the dysregulated gut epithelium by decreasing the inflammation, permeability, and helping in maintaining the epithelial barrier integrity in the dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis mice model is reported. Furthermore, HA‐based system modulates intestinal epithelial junctional proteins and regulatory signaling pathways, resulting in attenuation of inflammation and mucosal protection. The results suggest that HA‐based system can be delivered as an enema to act as a barrier protecting system for managing distal colonic inflammatory diseases, including colitis.

No abstract

No abstract