Recent Advances in Host–Guest Self‐Assembled Cyclodextrin Carriers: Implications for Responsive Drug Delivery and Biomedical Engineering

Abstract

This Review is an overview of the unique characteristics of cyclodextrin in forming an inclusion complex via host-guest noncovalent interactions. The modification of cyclodextrin advances its application as a pharmaceutical solubilizer, fabrication of functional molecular machines such as polyrotaxane, polypseudorotaxane, and polycatenanes and grafting of cyclodextrin with different linear, branched chain polymers. The different stimuli-based supramolecular assemblies involving cyclodextrin as a key mediator with linked triggering responses on payload release is highlighted. In addition, the applications of cyclodextrin in diagnostic imaging and medical devices is briefly demonstrated. Cyclodextrin is a relatively low cost, biocompatible, biodegradable, and highly explored material with low toxicity for drug formulation, drug delivery, and wide varieties of other biomedical applications such as those in medical devices fabrication, biosensor, tissue engineering, and bio-imaging. The toxicological profile of cyclodextrin is well established and safe for human consumption in food and medicine.

Self‐assembly of telechelic polymers bearing adamantane groups via host‐guest inclusion complexes with cyclodextrin polymer

“…[1,2] Amphiphilic block copolymers, on one hand which generally built with hydrophilic blocks and hydrophobic moieties in covalent linkage, would assemble into micelles, vesicles, or lamellar ordered structures in aqueous solution, [3] has been widely investigated both from theoretical design to practical applications such as molecular delivery vehicles, [2][3][4] single-chain folding behavior, [5] single chain nanoparticles [1] and the like. [6] On the other hand, block copolymer assemblies constructed from noncovalent associative polymer, [7] especially host-guest driven self-assembly, which avoids complicated synthesis and cumbersome purification procedures, is chosen to form micelles, [8,9] vesicles, [10] hydrogels, [11] or nanofibers [12] . Furthermore, significant efforts have been made to explore conformational evolution of self-assembly via supramolecular polymers derived from linear, [13] hyperbranched, [14] star [15,16] or comb shape [17] polymers through the interaction of hostguest polymer or oligomers.…”

Facile Engineering of Anti‐Inflammatory Nanotherapies by Host‐Guest Self‐Assembly

“…Host‐guest interactions between drug molecules and cyclodextrin‐containing polymers have been extensively employed to develop various therapeutic delivery systems . According to the above finding, small hydrophobic guest molecules can induce self‐assembly of PEICDs in aqueous solution.…”

“…A diverse array of organic compounds, such as crown ethers, calix[n]arenes, pillar[n]arenes, cyclodextrins (CDs), and cucurbiturils, have been employed as host molecules to develop drug carriers, biosensors, as well as diagnostic and imaging agents over length scales . Among them, CDs and their derivatives are the most extensively examined molecular guests, owing to their water solubility, low toxicity, and good complexation with a large number of hydrophobic molecules . Also, CDs contain multiple hydroxyl groups that can be easily modified to afford resulting platforms with multiple functions and broad applications.…”

Cyclodextrin-Based Functional Glyconanomaterials

“…Current applications focus on site-specific drug/gene delivery and protein separation and analysis. Considering the avant-garde developments in CD chemistry, glycobiology and nanotechnology, a much broader range of progress is expected in the near future from their synergistic blend, including fields as diverse as catalysis [199,200], bioremediation [201], sensing [202][203][204][205], diagnostics [206,207], theranostics [208,209], vaccines [210,211] or personalized medicine [212,213]. Structures and schematic representation of the strategy developed by Riela, Lazzala and coworkers to assemble hybrid glycoCD/halloysite nanotubes to achieve functional glyconanomaterials for the co-administration of curcumin (Cur) and silibinin (Sil) in thyroid cancer cells [196,197].…”