The rapid developments of storage technology and information exchange encourage the development of research in the field of information security. In the process of sending information, tamper and issues about data ownership may occur. The fragile watermarking is one technique that can overcome the problem, in which this technique exploits sensitivity to tamper with the inserted watermark components. Therefore, it is not tolerable to change even only one bit. Self-embedding can be defined as some important features obtained from a selected image as a watermark by modifying the pixel value of the original image. Once a picture which has been inserted with a watermark is modified by other users, it can be used for tamper detection and recovery images. Due to the importance of this fragile watermarking scheme, this paper discusses the principles and characteristics of a fragile watermarking algorithm. The main contribution of this paper survey is that it summarises the current mechanisms of selection, generation, method of watermark insertion, detection and tamper localisation and recovery procedures. Comparison of several watermarking techniques was analysed and presented in tabular form, as well as experimental evaluation of four watermarking schemes in many graphs to show the performance of the self-embedding fragile watermarking scheme.

The necessity for secured communication devices that has limited computing power has encouraged the development of key generation scheme. The generation of a symmetric key scheme that utilizes randomness of wireless channels offers a most promising solution as a result of the easy distribution of secret key mechanisms. In the last few years, various schemes have been proposed, but there are trade-offs between the performance parameters used. The expected parameters are the low Key Disagreement Rate (KDR), the high Key Generation Rate (KGR), and the fulfillment of standard of randomness. In this paper, we propose the use of a combination of pre-processing methods with multilevel lossy quantization to overcome the trade-off of performance parameters of the Secret Key Generation (SKG) scheme. Pre-process method used to improve reciprocity so as to reduce KDR, whereas multilevel quantization is used to improve the KGR. We use Kalman as the pre-processing method and Adaptive Quantization, Modified Multi-Bit (MMB), and 2-ary Quantization as the multilevel lossy quantization. Testing is conducted by comparing the performance between direct quantization with the addition of the pre-processing method in various multilevel lossy quantization schemes. The test results show that the use of Kalman as pre-processing methods and multilevel lossy quantization can overcome the trade-off performance parameters by reducing KDR and increasing KGR, with the best performance, was obtained when we use adaptive quantization. The resulting secret key has also fulfilled 6 random tests with p values greater than 0.01.

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This paper proposes a dual watermarking scheme that can integrate the functions of authentication, copyright protection, and image recovery in the same cover image. The robust watermarking utilizes a single watermark using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain for copyright protection, while the fragile scheme utilizes two self-embedding watermarks in a spatial domain for authenticating and restoring digital image content. The mechanism of the two schemes is carried out sequentially and uses a block-based approach. A new blind robust watermarking is proposed using a quantitative property of intermediate frequency coefficient for embedding and adaptive embedding strength selection to balance transparency and robustness. Fragile watermarks are inserted into a robust watermarked image based on the improved replacement approach of the least significant bits. Experimental results show that the proposed method can withstand various processing attacks; enhance the accuracy of deceptive localization with good visual quality of image recovery.

This study aims at finding the development of Islamic education curriculum in higher education. Curriculum development conceived as an effort to develop a curriculum that refers to the Indonesian Qualifications Framework (KKNI), National Standards for Higher Education (SNPT), and Paradigm Integration-Interconnection Studies as the orientation of scientific development at UIN Sunan Kalijaga. This study was conducted by means of naturalistic qualitative approach. The location of this study was at the Department of Islamic Religious Educatioan of Faculty of Islamic Education and PendahuluanTantangan bangsa Indonesia ke depan dalam dunia pendidikan tahun 2020 adalah World Trade Organisatioan (WTO). Konsekuensi dari adanya pasar tunggal dunia dalam bidang pen didikan adalah lulusan lembaga pen didikan tinggi mampu bersaing di dunia internasional. Implikasinya bahwa pendidikan (tinggi) penting dan mendesak untuk menyiapkan lu lu sannya agar memiliki kemandirian dan mampu bersaing dengan lulusan luar ne geri. Penyiapan lulusan yang memiliki daya saing, hanya bisa disiapkan oleh lembaga pendidikan yang mampu meng integrasikan sumber daya lembaga pendidikan untuk mencapai profil lulusan yang diharapkan dan tertulis dalam kurikulum Pendidikan Tinggi. Profile lulusan menjadi daya tarik dan daya kohesivitas keterterimaan lulusan pada dunia kerja. (Tim, 2016: 13) Pada sisi lain, komitmen bangsa Indonesia untuk mencapai Generasi Emas Indonesia (GEI) pada tahun 2045 perlu dipersiapkan semenjak dini, agar kelak, peserta didik meraih nobel diberbagai bidang kehidupan seperti nobel fisika, biologi, kesehatan, sastra sampai nobel perdamaian. Untuk bisa bersaing pada level dunia dan meraih nobel, lembaga pendidikan banyak membangun jejaring. Jejaring bisa diraih karena ada kepercayaan. Kepercayaan stakeholders tumbuh bila didasarkan pada orientasi norma yang menjadi pijakan, sehingga melahirkan hubungan timbal balik. Kurikulum sebagai jantung dari pendidikan dipersiapkan untuk mencapai pandangan hidup, sikap hidup dan keterampilan hidup dari peserta didik. (Buchori, 2012: 13).Pengembangan kurikulum menjadi penting karena kurikulum dapat dipahami secara sempit dan luas. Secara sempit kurikulum adalah mata pelajaran atau matakuliah yang diajarkan kepada peserta didik, semen tara itu kurikulum secara luas yakni semua pengalaman belajar baik di sekolah/kampus maupun di luar sekolah/kampus yang diprogramkan oleh sekolah/kampus. (Oliva, 1992: 6). Kesemuannya ini melekat dan ada pada lembaga pendidikan tinggi yang secara internal dalam bentuk kurikulum tertulis (written curriculum), kurikulum yang dibelajarkan (touching curriculum) dan kurikulum yang diujikan (tested curriculum). Kurikulum sebagai modal yang menjadi acuan pengembangan perguruan tinggi. Kemampuan Perguruan Tinggi (PT) untuk mengenali dan memanfaatkan serta mengembangkan modal sosial menjadi kunci keberhasilan penyelenggaraan pendidikan tinggi. (Lin, 2004: 10