Blind Robust and Self-Embedding Fragile Image Watermarking for Image Authentication and Copyright Protection with Recovery Capability

Abstract

This paper proposes a dual watermarking scheme that can integrate the functions of authentication, copyright protection, and image recovery in the same cover image. The robust watermarking utilizes a single watermark using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain for copyright protection, while the fragile scheme utilizes two self-embedding watermarks in a spatial domain for authenticating and restoring digital image content. The mechanism of the two schemes is carried out sequentially and uses a block-based approach. A new blind robust watermarking is proposed using a quantitative property of intermediate frequency coefficient for embedding and adaptive embedding strength selection to balance transparency and robustness. Fragile watermarks are inserted into a robust watermarked image based on the improved replacement approach of the least significant bits. Experimental results show that the proposed method can withstand various processing attacks; enhance the accuracy of deceptive localization with good visual quality of image recovery.

A Novel FDCT-SVD Based Watermarking with Radon Transform for Telemedicine Applications

“…The scheme performed competitively in terms of imperceptibility and robustness. Authors of [20] a multipurpose watermarking scheme that serves for authentication, image recovery, and copyright protection, also the scheme utilizes the embedding of multi watermarks one for robustness purpose and the others for both authentication and restoration of the digital image. The robust watermark embedding uses the intermediate coefficients quotative property besides an adaptive selection for encoding strength in order to achieve balance between transparency and robustness.…”

Evaluation of Spiral Pattern Watermarking Scheme for Common Attacks to Social Media Images

“…The authors [17] present a dual watermarking technique capable of integrating authentication, copyright protection, and image recovery functionalities into a single cover image. The robust scheme protects against copyright infringement by utilizing a single watermark in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain, whereas the fragile scheme protects against copyright infringement by utilizing two self-embedding watermarks in a spatial domain for authenticating and restoring digital image content.…”

Improved prediction error expansion and mirroring embedded samples for enhancing reversible audio data hiding

“…Some of those techniques such as Least Significant Bit (LSB) [30,31], bit-plane index manipulation [32], Fibonacci-like employing bit-plane(s) mapping [33], and the early introduced Difference Expansion (DE) [34] have become fundamental for the development of new techniques such as FCM Clustering [35], Generalized Difference Expansion (GDE) [20], Least Significant Digit (LSD) [36], Pixel Value Modification (PVD) [37] and Prediction Error Expansion (PEE) [29,38]. Some of these techniques can also be further enhanced with optimization methods; some also proposed a data hiding scheme with an encrypted image [39], watermarking encryption [40] or fragile watermarking for the authentication purpose [41].…”