Abstract.A family is a primary institution in the society which has dynamic system, and it frequently proceeds especially when its members face a crisis situation. The family's efforts and success to rise from crisis situations are known as family resilience. The purpose of writing this article is to get better understanding about family resilience as a whole concept. This article is based on a review of literature and journals obtained from various sources. The investigation is conducted through the official websites of Google Scholar, PROQUEST, Research Gate, SAGE Publisher and Blackwell Publisher. The results of reviewing the literatures reveal that family resilience is a growing concept. As a concept, family resilience can be seen as trait (nature) and process. The trait review says that family resilience is strongly influenced by several protective factors as the primary key that a family can revive after experiencing adversity. The perspective of family resilience as a process explains that family resilience is built by the success of families using coping strategies to cope with the stressors in their lives. Meanwhile, the framework of family resilience is built through the theory of systems in the family which combines ecological and developmental perspectives. These perspectives are used to view family functions in relation to sociocultural contexts and multi-dimensional family life circles. The perspectives are then widely developed in researches on family resilience. Most studies show that there are many factors that drive a family to reach a post-crisis resilience condition. This factor is called a protection factor. Researches are also interested in revealing protection factor and risk factors that cause a family to continuously be in a crisis situation. Very limited researches that have been conducted in developing a cultural dimension are able to describe how a family achieves resilient conditions in a way that is distinctive or indigenous in accordance with the environmental conditions in which the family resides.

This research tried to compare the level of farmers’ livelihood vulnerability to flooding in Sukoharjo and Klaten. Farmers are the most susceptible caused by climate change. The data used in this research are primary data, collected by interviewing 61 respondents who are farmers in the Sonorejo Village, Sukoharjo Regency and 72 respondents in the Jiwo Wetan Village, Klaten Regency. This data obtained by using non-probability sampling technique with purposive methods. Meanwhile mapping for hazard level was analysed by using Geographic Information System (GIS). Descriptive statistic was used for the livelihood vulnerability index’s (LVI) and the LVI-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) index calculation. The results show that the farmers’ livelihood vulnerability in the Sonorejo Village is medium level because of climate change based on the LVI index value at 0.363 and LVI-IPCC index value at 0.044. Meanwhile, the Jiwo Wetan Village has a lower index in LVI at 0.344 and LVI-IPCC index value at 0.038. Areas with similar physical characteristic and most of its community have a dependence on agriculture tend relatively the same level of vulnerability.

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This study aims to analyze the nexus between CO2 emissions, urbanization, and economic activity, as well as identify whether the pollution haven hypothesis is proven in Indonesia. It utilized time series data of Indonesia during the 1971–2019 period. Furthermore, the vector error correction model (VECM) was used to determine the long-run and short-run interplay using cointegration and Granger causality approaches. The empirical results showed the pollution haven hypothesis occurred in Indonesia. A long-term relationship with CO2 emissions was observed from the model. In addition, unidirectional causality occurred from urbanization, economic growth, exports, and foreign direct investment to CO2 emissions in the short term. It was concluded that the achievement of the Paris Agreement will be successful when the committed countries are courageous in transforming their economy. However, major adjustments are needed, where all parties need to have the same vision towards net zero carbon.

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The massive use of plastic, from the production process to the disposal, will release a lot of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, which will exacerbate climate change. The large amount of plastic waste that can not be decomposed and eventually carried away into the sea is estimated to cause more plastic than fish in the ocean in 2050. Indonesia is the second-largest country in the production of marine plastic debris in the world after China. It occurs because of a misleading in waste management while still on land. Plastic debris in the marine will adversely affect the ecosystem in the sea and also the coastal. The reduction of marine debris will not run optimally if it is not supported by active involvement from the government, producers, and the community. This research was normative research based on primary and secondary legal materials. This study aimed to review the implementation of policies based on action plans to reduce marine debris. The result showed that with the baseline marine debris policy at 0.49 - 0.86 million tonnes/year, it required acceleration efforts from the government, producers, and the community to reduce marine debris by 70% by 2025.

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