Objectives: To evaluate quality standards and to screen antioxidant activity of Cuvacakutori Chooranam (CC) a poly herbomineral Siddha formulation. Methods: The drug was prepared with authenticated ingredients. Powder microscopic, phytochemical, physicochemical, HPTLC fingerprint profiling (n-hexane, successive chloroform, successive ethanol), total phenol and flavonoid estimation, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and superoxide scavenging activities of CC were studied. Results: Microscopic studies revealed diagnostic features to identify the formulation using microscope. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of different secondary metabolites, unique chromatographic fingerprint and antioxidant activities. Conclusion: The powder microscopic characters and the evolved physicochemical data arrived could serve as a reference tool for quality control. The presence of different categories of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of the drug gives broad scope for further efficacy studies of this drug.
Background In alternative medicine, plants pay a major role. Some plants are known for their poisonous nature but still have some importance in the herbal drug industry for their medicinal value. Strychnos nux-vomica is one such plant. Its nuts are called as poison nut due to the presence of alkaloids. Both the nut and its minerals are having medicinal properties and hence the present study was indented to understand the nature of primary metabolites and multi elemental composition. Methods The nuts of S. nux-vomica were procured, authenticated, powdered and subjected to proximate analysis parameters, visualization of thin layer chromatographic separation (TLC) and finger print profiling through high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC); surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, powder X-ray diffractometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Results In HPTLC, 7 spots each under 254 nm, 366 nm, derivatization with vanillin sulphuric acid (VSR) reagent appeared and 2 spots with Dragendorff’s reagent. In HPTLC, 12 peaks at 254 nm, 9 peaks at 366 nm, 7 peaks at 520 nm after derivatization with VSR reagent detected. Elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, chlorine, aluminium, iron, manganese, sodium, nickel, phosphorus, copper, zinc, sulphur and silicon were identified. PXRD revealed that the presence of potassium chloride, calcite and dolomite as major elemental composition. Conclusions The presence of all the above elements has vital roles on human physiology. Potassium, calcium, chlorine, aluminium, nickel, phosphorus, sulphur and silicon are reported for the first time in this study.
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. (Apocynaceae) root is extensively used in Indian traditional systems due to its biological activities. Decalepis hemiltonii Wight & Arn. is another member from the same family resembling H. indicus and is adulterated in the herbal market. Aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the distinguishing features based on macroscopy, microscopy, powder microscopy, molecular differences in the genomic DNA by RAPD, physiochemical, phytochemical screening, TLC and HPTLC fingerprint profiling of successive extracts. Microscopically cork, cortex, phloem, xylem, medullary rays and pith; powder microscopically size and shape of the cork cells, fibre, fibre tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma cells were different from each other. Polymorphism (75.4 %) was found in eight primers out of 16 primers analyzed. The water soluble extractive and the hexane soluble extractive of D. hamiltonii was higher than H. indicus. Tannins, flavonoids, steroids and coumarins were present only in H. indicus and absent in D. hamiltonii. After derivatization, spots at Rf 0.88 (hexane extract), 0.81 (chloroform extract) and 0.55 (ethanol extract) in H. indicus; spots at Rf 0.22, 0.45 (chloroform extract), 0.19, 0.35, 0.58, 0.59 (ethanol extract) in D. hamiltonii were observed. This study will be helpful to find out adulteration of D. hemiltonii in place of H. indicus sold in the crude drug market and in herbal formulations.
The present work aims to study powder microscopy, physicochemical and high-performance thin-layer chromatography photo documentation and fingerprint profiles of a Siddha drug, Rattha Piththathirku Kudinir Chooranam (RPK). The raw drugs were collected, authenticated and the RPK was prepared. Then the drug was investigated for powder microscopic characters, physicochemical parameters, Thin Layer Chromatographic photo documentation (TLC), High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) fingerprint profiles of successive n-hexane, successive chloroform, successive ethanol and hydro alcohol (1:1) extracts. The successive and hydro alcohol extracts of the drug displayed distinct TLC spots and HPTLC peaks which are distinct to this drug.
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