Detection of adulteration of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. with Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. by pharmacognostic, molecular DNA fingerprinting by RAPD, chemical and HPTLC studies

Abstract

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. (Apocynaceae) root is extensively used in Indian traditional systems due to its biological activities. Decalepis hemiltonii Wight & Arn. is another member from the same family resembling H. indicus and is adulterated in the herbal market. Aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the distinguishing features based on macroscopy, microscopy, powder microscopy, molecular differences in the genomic DNA by RAPD, physiochemical, phytochemical screening, TLC and HPTLC fingerprint profiling of successive extracts. Microscopically cork, cortex, phloem, xylem, medullary rays and pith; powder microscopically size and shape of the cork cells, fibre, fibre tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma cells were different from each other. Polymorphism (75.4 %) was found in eight primers out of 16 primers analyzed. The water soluble extractive and the hexane soluble extractive of D. hamiltonii was higher than H. indicus. Tannins, flavonoids, steroids and coumarins were present only in H. indicus and absent in D. hamiltonii. After derivatization, spots at Rf 0.88 (hexane extract), 0.81 (chloroform extract) and 0.55 (ethanol extract) in H. indicus; spots at Rf 0.22, 0.45 (chloroform extract), 0.19, 0.35, 0.58, 0.59 (ethanol extract) in D. hamiltonii were observed. This study will be helpful to find out adulteration of D. hemiltonii in place of H. indicus sold in the crude drug market and in herbal formulations.

Macro-Microscopic and HPTLC Atlas of Argyreia sericea Dalzell

“…The mobile phases used was toluene: chloroform: methanol: formic acid (4.5:4.5:1:0.5) and for development pre-coated aluminium plate (Merck) Silica gel 60 F 254 of 0.2 mm thickness was used. [22,23] HPTLC Extracts applied on TLC plate using ATS4 Automatic sampler; plates develop on twin trough chamber (10×10 cm); photo documentation under UV-visible lights were done with visualizer; densitograms obtained by winCATS Scanner 4 software; derivatization was done using TLC plate heater (all from CAMAG, Switzerland).…”

Pharmacognostical Studies on Seeds of Argyreia nervosa (Burm. F.) Boj. and its Market Adulteration Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. Ex Correa

“…Vanillin sulphuric acid reagent was used For visualizing the developed spots in TLC; stationary phase-silica gel 60 F 254 ; mobile phase-chloroform: n-hexane: toluene (8:1:1 v/v/v) was used. [35,36] Silica gel 60 F 254 pre coated aluminium plate (Merck) of 0.2 mm thickness was used as stationary phase.…”

Effect of Aqueous Root Extract of Decalepis hamiltonii on Lopinavir Pharmacokinetics and Midazolam Pharmacodynamics

“…Phenolic compounds were found to be abundant in D. hamiltonii tuberous roots, predominantly 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde (HMB), which possess abundant medicinal properties. 21,22 It is a volatile substance which is an isomer of vanillin, the main flavouring compound found in the roots of D. hamiltonii. Also, other phenolic acids like α-amyrin, lupeol, β-amyrin, α-amyrin acetate, lupeol acetate, β-amyrin acetate,²² caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, gentisic acid etc., were isolated from aqueous and methanolic root extracts.²³ Furthermore, the volatile oils were also reported in D. hamiltonii tuberous roots include salicylaldehyde, benzaldehyde, methyl salicylate, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenyl ethyl alcohol, ethyl salicylate, p-anisaldehyde and vanillin.…”