This paper outlines the results on the antiviral and antimicrobial action of electrochemically activated NaCl solutions (anolyte/catholyte), produced in the anode and cathode chamber of the electrolitic cell, on classical swine fever (CSF) virus and a stain of E. coli DH5. It was found that the anolyte did not affect the growth of the cell culture PK-15; the viral growth during the infection of a European Journal of Medicine, 2015, Vol.(9), Is. 3 125 cell monolayer with a cell culture virus was affected in the greatest degree by the anolyte in 1:1 dilution and less in other dilutions; whereas the viral growth at the infection of a cell suspension with the CSF virus was affected by the anolyte in dilution 1:1 in the greatest degree, and less by other dilutions; viral growth at the infection with a virus in suspension of the cell monolayer was affected by the anolyte in all dilutions. Unexpectedly, the stronger biocidal effect of the catholyte was observed when a strain of E. coli DH5 was treated by the anolyte and catholyte, respectively. In order to provide additional data about the antiviral activity of the electrochemically activated water and the distribution of H2O molecules according to the energies of hydrogen bonds, the nonequilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and differential non-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of the anolyte and catholyte were measured.Keywords: anolyte, catholyte, E. coli DH5, CSF virus, NES, DNES. IntroductionThe phenomenon of electrochemical activation of water (EAW) is a set of electrochemical and electrical processes occur in water in the electric double layer (EDL) type of electrodes (anode and cathode) with non-equilibrium electric charge transfer through EDL by electrons under the intensive dispersion in water the gaseous products of electrochemical reactions [1]. In 1985 EAW was officially recognized as a new class of physical and chemical phenomena.As a result of the treatment of water by a constant electric current at electric potentials equal to or greater than the decomposition potential of water (1,25 V), water goes into a metastable state, accompanied by electrochemical processes and characterized by the abnormal activity levels of electrons, the redox potential, and other physical-chemical parameters (pH, Eh, ORP) [2].The main stage of electrochemical treatment of water is the electrolysis of water or aqueous solutions with low mineralization as aqueous solutions of 0,5-1,0 % sodium chloride (NaCl) [3], which occurs in the electrolysis cell, consisting of the cathode and the anode separated by a special semipermeable membrane (diaphragm) which separates water to alkaline fraction -the catholyte and acidic fraction -the anolyte (Figure 1). When the passing of the electric current through water the flow of electrons from cathode as well as the removal of electrons from water at the anode, is accompanied by series of redox reactions on the surface of the cathode and the anode [4]. As the result, new elements are being formed, the system of intermolecular interacti...
This paper deals with the evaluation of the basis of the mathematical model of interaction of electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte), obtained in the diaphragm electrolysis cell, with water and sodium chloride and the basic physical-chemical processes underlying the electrolysis of water as well. In order to provide additional data about the distribution of H 2 O molecules according to the energies of hydrogen bonds in the electrochemically activated water solutions of the catholyte and the anolyte, the non-equilibrium energy spectrum 72 European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2 (NES) and differential non-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of the anolyte and the catholyte were measured as a result of which were established the basis for evaluation of the mathematical model explaining the behavior of the anolyte and the catholyte regarding the distribution of H 2 O molecules to the energies of hydrogen bonds. The local maximum for catholyte in the NESspectrum was at -0,1285 eV, for anolyte -at -0,1227 eV and for the control sample of deionized water -at -0,1245 eV. The calculations of ∆E H...O for catholyte with using the DNES method compiles (-0,004±0,0011 eV) and for anolyte (+1,8±0,0011 eV). The average energy of hydrogen bonds between Н 2 О molecules was measured by the DNES method to be compiled at -0,1067±0,0011 eV.Keywords: electrochemical treatment of water, electrolysis, anolyte, catholyte, NES, DNES. IntroductionThe phenomenon of electrochemical activation of water (EAW) is a set of electrochemical and electrical processes occur in water in the electric double layer (EDL) type of electrodes (anode and cathode) with non-equilibrium electric charge transfer through EDL by electrons under the intensive dispersion in water the gaseous products of electrochemical reactions [1]. In 1985 EAW was officially recognized as a new class of physical and chemical phenomena.As a result of the treatment of water by a constant electric current at electric potentials equal to or greater than the decomposition potential of water (1,25 V), water goes into a metastable state, accompanied by electrochemical processes and characterized by the abnormal activity levels of electrons, the redox potential, and other physical-chemical parameters (pH, Eh, ORP) [2].During the EAW occur four main processes: 1) Electrolytical decomposition of water by electrolysis on account of redox reactions on the electrodes due to the external electric field;2) Electrophoresis -the movement in the electric field of a positively charged particles and ions toward the cathode and negatively charged particles and ions toward the anode;3) Electroflotation -the gas formation and flocculation of aggregates consisting of finedispersed gas bubbles (H 2 at the cathode and O 2 at the anode) and suspended solids in water; 4) Electrocoagulation -the formation of colloidal aggregates of particles of deposited disperse phase through a process of anode dissolution of the metal and the formation of metal cations Al...
The antimicrobial effect of a cream containing extracts of African geranium (Pelargonium sidoides DC.), black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), and St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) in colloidal nanosilver (AgNPs) at a concentration of 30 ppm, denoted as SILVER STOP® cream (SS® cream), was examined in vitro. The research was performed with Escherichia coli (ATCC and two clinical isolates), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC and two clinical strains), and Candida albicans (ATCC and two clinical isolates). The agar-gel diffusion method and suspension tests for determination of the time of antimicrobial action of SS® cream were used. SS® cream showed significant antimicrobial activity. The Gram-negative microorganisms tested died in a much shorter time than the Gram-positive ones. In suspension with a density of 104 cells·mL−1, E. coli died for 1 min, the oval fungus C. albicans—after 10 min and S. aureus—after 60 min of exposure to SS® cream. The highest sensitivity was found in E. coli. The curative effect of SILVER STOP® cream was also examined in vivo in dogs with different skin diseases. The results showed successful healing of the diseases and a very good curative effect of the cream.
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