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In this review it is reported about the research on the structure of intermolecular water cyclic associates (clusters) with general formula (Н2О)n and their charged ionic clusters [(Н2О)n] + and [(Н2О)n]-by means of computer modeling and spectroscopy methods as 1 Н-NMR, IR-spectroscopy, DNES, EXAFS-spectroscopy, X-Ray and neurons diffraction. The computer calculation of polyhedral nanoclusters (Н2О)n, where n = 3-20 are carried out. Based on this data the main structural mathematical models describing water structure (quasicrystalline, continious, fractal, fractal-clathrate) have been examined and some important physical characteristics were obtained. The average energy of hydrogen bonding (EH…O) between Н2О molecules in the process of cluster formation was measured by the DNES method compiles-0,1067±0,0011 eV. It was also shown that water clusters formed from D2О were more stable, than those ones from Н2О due to isotopic effects of deuterium.

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Biologic influence of deuterium (D) on cells of various taxonomic groups of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms realizing methylotrophic, chemoheterotrophic, photoorganotrophic, and photosynthetic ways of assimilation of carbon substrates are investigated at growth on media with heavy water (D 2 О). The method of step by step adaptation technique of cells to D 2 О was developed, consisting in plating of cells on 2 % agarose nutrient media containing increasing gradient of concentration of D 2 О (from 0 up to 98 % D 2 O) and the subsequent selection of stable to D 2 O cells. In the result of that technique were obtained adapted to maximum concentration of D 2 O cells, biological material of which instead of hydrogen contained deuterium with levels of enrichment 92-97,5 at.% D.

Abstract. The article presents the technology of microbiological synthesis of natural phototransforming photochrome transmembraine protein bacteriorhodopsin (output 8-10 mg) from purple membranes of photo-organotrophic halobacterium Halobacterium halobium, which is capable to transform light energy to electrochemical energy of generated protons H + and adenosine-5 ' -triphosphate (АТP). These data are important for nanoindustry of new modern domestic phototransforming nanomaterials on the base of bacteriorhodopsin and molecular bioelectronics.Keywords: Halobacterium halobium; purple membranes; bacteriorhodopsin; biosynthesis; biomolecular electronics.Введение. Бактериородопсин был впервые выделен из клеточной мембраны экстремальной аэробной фотоорганогетеротрофной палочковидной галобактерии Halobacterium halobium в 1971 г. В. Стохениусом (США) и Д. Остерхельтом (ФРГ) [1]. Он представляет собой хромопротеид с молекулярной массой Mr = 26,7 кДа, который содержит в качестве хромоформной группы эквимолекулярную смесь 13-цис-и полностью 13-транс-ретинольного С20-каротиноида -аналога витамина А, связанного альдиминной связью с остатком лизина-216. Наряду с бактериородопсином в клеточной мембране галофилов содержатся другие сопутствующие каротиноидные пигменты, основной из которых бактериоруберин, обусловливает окраску галобактерий от розового до красного и красно-оранжевого цветов, что имеет для галофилов важное значение как средство защиты против избыточной радиации и солнечного излучения, так как для мест их обитания характерна высокая освещенность.Бактериородопсин в центре внимания био-и нанотехнологии благодаря своей высокой светочувствительности и разрешающей способности, и используется в молекулярной

This review article outlines an overview of new trends and modern approaches for practical implementation of magnetic water treatment to eliminate scaling salts (carbonate, chloride and sulfate salts of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ cations) in power heat-exchanger devices and pipe lines. The principles of physical effects of the magnetic field on H2O molecules as well as the parameters of physico-chemical processes occurring in water and the behavior of the dissolved in water scaling salts subjected to the magnetic treatment are discussed. It is demonstrated that the effect of the magnetic field on water is a complex multifactorial phenomenon resulted in changes of the structure of hydrated ions as well as the physico-chemical properties and behavior of dissolved inorganic salts, changes in the rate of electrochemical coagulation and aggregate stability (clumping and consolidation), formation of multiple nucleation sites on the particles of fine dispersed precipitate consisting of crystals of substantially uniform size. There are also submitted data on constructive features of various magnetic water treatment devices produced by domestic industry, based on the permanent magnets and electromagnets (solenoids), such as hydro magnetic systems (HMS), magnetic transducers (MT) and magnetic activators (MA) of water. It was estimated the efficiency of using the various magnetic water treatment devices in water treatment technologies.

There are submitted data on the possibility of applying the Kirlian effect in modeling of nonequilibrium conditions with gas electric discharge simulating primary atmosphere are submitted. The physical basis and technique of visualization of gas discharge luminescence in alternating electric fields of high electrical voltage (5-30 kV) and frequency (10-150 kHz) as well as electrosynthesis of organic molecules are presented. We submitted data on research by colour coronal spectral Kirlian analysis and IR-spectroscopy of water samples of various origin and various degree of water purification and water processing, and also samples of hot mineral, sea and mountain water from various sources of Bulgaria. It was measured the average energy of hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules in the process of cluster formation (dimer, trimer) compiles-0,10670,0011 eV.