This paper describes identification and components of destructiveness of energy, economic and ecologic profits and outlays during life cycle of offshore wind electric power plants as well as the most useful models for their design, assembly and use. There are characterized technical conditions (concepts, structures, processes) indispensable for increasing profits and/or decreasing energy, economic and ecological outlays on their operation as well as development prospects for global, European and domestic markets of offshore wind electric power industry. A preliminary analysis was performed for an impact of operators, processed objects, living and artificial environmental objects of a 2MW wind electric power plant on possible increase of profits and decrease of outlays as a result of compensation of destructiveness of the system, environment and man.

This article proposes the possibility of applying fuzzy logic theory to perform the tasks of determining the market value of agricultural lands. These tasks are of a multi-criteria character, as multiple factors are taken into consideration during the land value valuation process. The market value of agricultural land plots, calculated using fuzzy logic methods, can provide a basis for further use in the processes that are directly related to their turnover, that is, during auctioning, setting of a land tax, determining of the value of pawn in the land bank. Methodic approach to the determination of the market value of agricultural lands with the application of the methods of fuzzy logic and the package Fuzzy Logic Toolbox of the computing system Matlab is universal. It can be used for assessment of the value of a land plot with any number of indices, having no crisp mathematic model. The proposed method is particularly useful for countries where the agricultural real estate market is still in its early stages of development and will contribute to making it more transparent and thus it can be a significant tool supporting the sustainable development of the agricultural real estate market. Agricultural land market is a vital ingredient of the system for sustainable development of rural areas.

A b s t r a c t. The paper presents the results of a study of the use of electro-separation methods for improvement of the utility value of 5 winter rapeseed cultivars. The process of electro-separation of rapeseed was conducted on a prototype apparatus built at the Laboratory of Application of Electro-technologies in Agriculture, Lviv National Agriculture University. The process facilitated separation of damaged, low quality seeds from the sowing material. The initial mean level of mechanically damaged seeds in the winter rapeseed cultivars studied varied within the range of 15.8-20.1%. Verification of the amount of seeds with mechanical damage was performed on X-ray images of seeds acquired by means of a digital X-ray apparatus. In the course of analysis of the X-ray images, it was noted that the mean level of mechanical damage to the seeds after the electro-separation was in the range of 2.1-3.8%. The application of the method of separation of rapeseeds in the corona discharge field yielded a significant reduction of the level of seeds with mechanical damage. The application of the method in practice may effectively contribute to improvement of the utility value of sowing material or seed material for production of edible oil.K e y w o r d s: winter rapeseeds, electro-separation, utility value INTRODUCTION Ukraine has high potential for production of winter rapeseed, which can be used as raw material for production of edible and industrial oils (biofuels) as well as for fodder purposes (oil cake and extraction cake). During the period from 2008 to 2012, the area of rapeseed cultivation in Ukraine increased from 386.8 to 1 033 thousand ha, and rapeseed production during that period increased from 605.7 thousand to 1.9 mln t (Markov, 2012). The regions of West Ukraine, have especially favourable soil-climate conditions for production of this valuable material. It is worth emphasising that among the primary oil-bearing crops in the world winter rapeseed ranks third after soybean and cotton. In the EU countries, the mean productivity of rapeseed is 3.0-4.0 t ha -1 . In Ukraine, the yields of winter rapeseed are at the level of 1.5-2.0 t ha -1 . One of the causes of such low productivity is sowing of seeds with non-uniform quality traits, with defects mainly in the form of mechanical damage. A negative impact is exerted by seeds with damage in the form of disturbed natural continuity of the seed cover and deformation of cotyledons and the germ part. The above reasons indicate a need for popularization of the method of electro-separation of sowing material with respect to homogeneity of biological traits that guarantee high yielding; in the case of seeds for production of edible oil, it is essential to reduce the level of qualitative losses related to oxidation of oil in material destined for consumption. Electric properties of agricultural products of biological origin have been of interest for many years. From the macroscopic point of view, agricultural products can be regarded as non-homogeneous semiconductors o...

The operation of an agricultural biogas plant is associated with the formation of a large amount of digestate. The basic trend in digestate management, after taking into account its physicochemical properties, should be its use as a fertilizer. The possibility of the agricultural use of digestate as a fertilizer was determined. Digestate obtained from the agricultural biogas plant was tested for the content of macronutrients and heavy metals. The content of macronutrients was also determined in soil for winter rape cultivation. The analysis showed an increase in the yield depending on the digestate dose applied. In addition, an increase in the fat and protein content was found in winter rape seeds. The best results of mean values were obtained during the application of the 50,000 L ha−1 dose. The average diameter of the stem base was 1.48 cm. The average height was 36.20 cm. The seed yield was 3.44 t ha−1. The thousand seed weight was—5.34 g. The fat and protein contents were 43.62% and 22.95%, respectively. By applying a digestate dose of 50,000 L ha−1, the highest content of macronutrients, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (31.17%), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (61.89%) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (6.87%), was recorded.

The process of preparing small seed mixtures, especially of perennial cereal grasses, is intensified by certain difficulties. Research has shown that the process of separating mixtures can be enhanced by using a high-voltage electric field. As a result, the separation of quality seed and the seed without an embryo occurs.

The productivity of most grain cleaning machines seems to be directly related to the efficiency of vertical pneumatic separation ducts. Nevertheless, improvement is accompanied by an increase in the load of the vertical duct, the design of which is limited by the width of the grain cleaning machines. This requires an increase in the thickness of the layer of grain mixture that enters the working area of the duct, which significantly worsens the conditions of separation of its components under the action of airflow. Particles of light impurities are unable to separate due to their retention by the grain medium. This reduces the quality of cleaning and requires appropriate scientific and technical solutions. The application of preliminary stratification of the granular mixture while increasing the concentration of light impurities in the top layer of the mixture seems to be a prospective method. The positive effect of the previous stratification on the intensity of redistribution of light impurity particles in the working zone has been theoretically considered and experimentally confirmed. Mathematical models were obtained to determine the trajectory of discussed particles, taking into account the previous stratification of mixtures, and the corresponding dependences were established. The influence of the initial coordination of the introduction of the particles of lightweight impurities, their sizes and densities, and technological and structural parameters of operation of the pneumatic separation duct were taken into account in the studies. The intensification of the process of cleaning grain from lightweight impurities in the working zones of pneumatic separation ducts of grain cleaning machines is theoretically substantiated.

The work highlights the analysis of the influence of technological and structural parameters of the screw press, namely the step of the turns of the screw shaft of its speed and the area of openings for the removal of cake on the energy parameters of the process of oil expression. Based on the results of the multifactorial experiment, regression dependence allows us to estimate the influence of the parameters and operating modes of the screw press on the power consumption of the screw press and can be used in the process of synthesis and modeling of machines intended for pressing of vegetable oils from oil-containing raw materials. The surfaces of the response of the dependence of the power consumption of the screw press from the area of the openings for the removal of the cake as well as the step of the turns and the speed of the screw shaft have been constructed. Providing the following parameters of the pressing process: turn pitch of the auger shaft X10 = 21.8 mm; area of openings for oil cake withdrawal X20 = 107.99 mm2; rotation frequency of the auger shaft X30 = 5.12 min -1, the power consumption of the screw press will be 170 W, ensuring the maximum yield of oil q = 36%.

A b s t r a c t. The paper emphasises that one of the easiest and effective methods of pre-treatment of seed is by industrial electrical power frequency. In order to select the most effective treatment regime it is necessary to reveal the mechanism of the impact of electromagnetic fields on biological structures, including plants. In this regard, electron microscopy studies at the cellular level of seedlings of perennial ryegrass seed treated with electric field corona discharge were conducted. It was found that in seedlings of treated seeds the intracellular organisation of the plant varies, resulting in changes during cell division. This is apparently due to a reduction in interphase, including S-phase, resulting in disrupted normal DNA synthesis, chromatin formation and, consequently, the collection of chromosomes. As a result, the cell division is faster, which leads to increased sowing quality of seeds of studied plants. While maintaining the characteristics of the studied cell division of seedling seed which was subjected to electrical stimulation, there is the prospect of a significant increase of seed germination of ryegrass in the future generations.K e y w o r d s: seed, presowing treatment, sprouts, electron microscopy, cell, cell division