Кандидат технических наук, доцент Кафедра процессов и оборудования перерабатывающих и пищевых производств им. проф. П. С. Берника Винницкий национальный аграрный университет ул. Солнечная, 3, г. Винница,

Описано математичну модель для визначення напружень, які виникають в грунті під впливом клина. Отримано залежності, за допомогою яких для різної глибини обробітку і показників міцності грунту в залежності від заданих параметрів якості проведення операцій можна визначити необхідний кут кришення. Отримані залежності дозволили визначити параметри динамічних систем, які сприяють зниженню їх енергоємності, підвищенню якісних показників роботи і створенню умов для підвищення продуктивності агрегатів Ключові слова: клин, грунт, метод варіаційного обчислення, пласт ґрунту, зрив, сколювання, зрушення, кришення, долото, чизельний робочий орган Описана математическая модель для определения напряжений, которые возникают в почве под воздействием клина. Получены зависимости, с помощью которых для разной глубины обработки и прочностных показателей почвы в зависимости от заданных параметров качества проведения операции можно определить необходимый угол крошения. Полученные зависимости позволили определить параметры динамических систем, которые способствуют снижению их энергоемкости, повышению качественных показателей работы и созданию условий для повышения производительности агрегатов Ключевые слова: клин, почва, метод вариационного исчисления, пласт почвы, срыв, скалывание, сдвиг, крошение, долото, чизельный рабочий орган

The object of research is hypoeutectic cast iron intended for cast parts operating under abrasive friction conditions. Such parts are mixer blades, the operational properties of which include durability, assessed by abrasion resistance and strength. To give the blades such properties, cast irons, which are materials of the blades, are alloyed with elements that contribute to the formation of carbides of various compositions. The main problem that impedes the targeted selection of materials for mixer blades or finished blades from different materials or different chemical composition is the lack of substantiated selection criteria. If the shipment is carried out only with the provision of data on the chemical composition of the alloy, it is necessary to be able to evaluate the expected mechanical properties, in particular abrasion resistance and strength. Using the methods of regression analysis, a mathematical model has been obtained that includes two regression equations, which allows for a targeted selection of the chemical composition that provides the maximum possible value of mechanical properties – ultimate strength and coefficient of wear resistance. Optimization of the chemical composition, carried out according to this model, made it possible to determine the following chemical composition: C=2.94 %, Ceq=3.3 %, Ti=1.56 %, providing the maximum ultimate strength σb=391 MPa; C=2.78 %, Ceq=3.14 %, Ti=1.61 %, providing a maximum wear resistance coefficient Kwr=12 %. In the case of priority of the strength criterion, the calculated optimal chemical composition makes it possible to reduce the mass-dimensional characteristics of the mixing units of the mixers. A procedure is proposed for using this model to select a batch of blades with the expected best performance properties

The article presents experimental verification of improving communicative training for future sports coaches in the context of neurophysiological patterns by expedient changes in pedagogical conditions, namely, forming a value attitude of students towards future professionally-oriented communicative activity; enhancing interactive learning methods; improving educational and methodical support; optimizing the subject-subject interaction of participants in the educational process in simulated situations of professional communication. The research aims to experimentally verify the above-mentioned pedagogical conditions and identify levels of indicators in future sports coaches’ preparedness for professionally oriented communicative activity. The research involved 105 students of the experimental group and 106 students of the control group, who voluntarily agreed to participate in the experiment. Research methods include the elaboration of the author’s didactic material, modelling of new pedagogical conditions and diagnostic methods. Diagnosis of levels of indicators in future sports coaches’ preparedness for professionally oriented communicative activity is carried out with the help of the diagnosed complex of both standard and adapted and modified or specially developed following criteria and indicators of the investigated phenomenon of author’s methods. After the formative experiment, the number of students with high and average levels of preparedness for professionally oriented communication activities has increased in EG (by 12.4% and 13.3%, respectively) and at the same time, the number of low-level students has decreased (by 25.7%). The results of the experimental work provide an opportunity to approve the effectiveness of the introduced pedagogical conditions of professionally-oriented communication training for future sports coaches.

Based on literature review it was established that the use of augmented reality as an innovative technology of student training occurs in following directions: 3D image rendering; recognition and marking of real objects; interaction of a virtual object with a person in real time. The main advantages of using AR and VR in the educational process are highlighted: clarity, ability to simulate processes and phenomena, integration of educational disciplines, building an open education system, increasing motivation for learning, etc. It has been found that in the field of physical process modelling the Proteus Physics Laboratory is a popular example of augmented reality. Using the Proteus environment allows to visualize the functioning of the functional nodes of the computing system at the micro level. This is especially important for programming systems with limited resources, such as microcontrollers in the process of training future IT professionals. Experiment took place at Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University and Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A. S. Makarenko with students majoring in Computer Science (field of knowledge is Secondary Education (Informatics)). It was found that computer modelling has a positive effect on mastering the basics of microelectronics. The ways of further scientific researches for grounding, development and experimental verification of forms, methods and augmented reality, and can be used in the professional training of future IT specialists are outlined in the article.

The productivity of most grain cleaning machines seems to be directly related to the efficiency of vertical pneumatic separation ducts. Nevertheless, improvement is accompanied by an increase in the load of the vertical duct, the design of which is limited by the width of the grain cleaning machines. This requires an increase in the thickness of the layer of grain mixture that enters the working area of the duct, which significantly worsens the conditions of separation of its components under the action of airflow. Particles of light impurities are unable to separate due to their retention by the grain medium. This reduces the quality of cleaning and requires appropriate scientific and technical solutions. The application of preliminary stratification of the granular mixture while increasing the concentration of light impurities in the top layer of the mixture seems to be a prospective method. The positive effect of the previous stratification on the intensity of redistribution of light impurity particles in the working zone has been theoretically considered and experimentally confirmed. Mathematical models were obtained to determine the trajectory of discussed particles, taking into account the previous stratification of mixtures, and the corresponding dependences were established. The influence of the initial coordination of the introduction of the particles of lightweight impurities, their sizes and densities, and technological and structural parameters of operation of the pneumatic separation duct were taken into account in the studies. The intensification of the process of cleaning grain from lightweight impurities in the working zones of pneumatic separation ducts of grain cleaning machines is theoretically substantiated.

Analysis of changes in hydrothermal conditions of growing crops in the forest steppe zone of Ukraine over a period of 2004–2016 showed that by the average monthly air temperature more than a half of the years under study and by rainfall nearly a third of the researched period differed significantly from the average long-term value and were close to extreme weather. Statistical analysis of long-term indicators of the air temperature regime is evidence of a steady trend towards an increase in average annual air temperature with significant fluctuations in indices in separate periods from 7.9 ± 2.9 to 10.0 ± 2.5oС and a decrease in the amount and instability of natural moisture entry. The influence of weather conditions on the formation of productivity of spiked cereals (winter and spring wheat, spring barley) and maize was assessed at the current agrometeorological risks in the forest steppe of Ukraine. Based on the correlation-regression analysis, mathematical models were created that reproduce the dependence of grain yields upon the complex weather conditions of the growing season, the impact of which reached 60–70%. The conditions of eight years (2006–2008, 2011–2014 and 2016), when the hydrothermal index for the vegetation period was 1.13–1.76, turned out to be optimal by hydrothermal indicators to harvest maize yield at 5.83–9.47 t/ha. However, the years of 2005, 2009–2010 and 2015 were unfavorable as they received precipitation by 120 mm lower than a norm or 36% of the norm. The rainfall by 37–61% lower than a norm in June–July and grain yield 3.12–6.51 t/ha were also characteristic of the years mentioned above.

In this manuscript, we developed a Two-fold Symmetric Linchpin (<b>TSL</b>) that converts readily available phage display peptides libraries made of 20 common amino acids to genetically-encoded libraries of bicyclic peptides displayed on phage. <b>TSL</b> combines an aldehyde-reactive group and two thiol-reactive groups; it bridges two side chains of cysteine [C] with an N-terminal aldehyde group derived from the N-terminal serine [S], yielding a novel bicyclic topology that lacks a free N-terminus. Phage display libraries of SX₁CX₂X₃X₄X₅X₆X₇C sequences, where X<i>_i</i> is any amino acids but Cys, were converted to a library of bicyclic <b>TSL</b>-[<u>S</u>]X₁<u>[C]</u>X₂X₃X₄X₅X₆X₇[<u>C]</u> peptides in 45 ± 15% yield. Using this library and protein morphogen NODAL as a target, we discovered bicyclic macrocycles that specifically antagonize NODAL-induced signaling in cancer cells. At a 10 µM concentration, two discovered bicyclic peptides completely suppressed NODAL-induced phosphorylation of SMAD2 in P19 embryonic carcinoma. The <b>TSL</b>-[<u>S</u>]Y<u>[C]</u>KRAHKN[<u>C]</u> bicycle inhibited NODAL-induced proliferation of NODAL-Tky-nu ovarian carcinoma cells with apparent IC50 1 µM. The same bicycle at 10 µM concentration did not affect the growth of the control Tky-nu cells. <b>TSL</b>-bicycles remained stable over the course of the 72 hour-long assays in a serum-rich cell-culture medium. We further observed general stability in mouse serum and in a mixture of proteases (Pronase^TM) for 33 diverse bicyclic macrocycles of different ring sizes, amino acid sequences, and cross-linker geometries. <b>TSL</b>-constrained peptides expand the previously reported repertoire of phage display bicyclic architectures formed by cross-linking Cys side chains. We anticipate that it will aid the discovery of proteolytically stable bicyclic inhibitors for a variety of protein targets.