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Increasing reports of neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patient’s warrant clinicians to adopt and define the standardized diagnostic and managing protocols in order to investigate the linkage of neurological symptoms in COVID-19. Encephalitis, anosmia, acute cerebrovascular disease and ageusia are some of the emerging neurological manifestations which are reported in several cohort studies on hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Although the COVID-19 pandemic is primarily associated with respiratory tract system but measures like lockdown and restricted physical movements to control the spread of this infection will certainly have neurobehavioural implications. Additionally, some of the patients with pre-existing neurological manifestations like epilepsy, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease are more prone to infection and demands extra as well as improvisation in their treatment therapy. In this review we have focused on the neurovirological clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19 pandemic. Although the prevalence of neurovirological manifestations is rare but increasing reports cannot be ignored and needs to be discussed thoroughly with respect to risk analysis and considerations for developing management strategy. This also helps in defining the burden of neurological disorders associated with COVID-19 patients.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the noncancerous growth of the prostate gland resulting due to overproliferation of the stromal and glandular elements of the prostate and is associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. Natural products, containing inherently vast structural diversity than synthetic compounds, have been the major resources of bioactive agents and will continue to play as protagonists for discovering new drugs. Phytotherapeutic products have been used traditionally in developing countries while the use of them as complementary alternative medicine is increasing rapidly in developed countries for the management of BPH. Although mono preparations (single plant only) are available, many industries manufacture combination products (plant extracts) in an attempt to provide enhanced efficacy to improve marketability, and to provide their own "unique" product that can be registered, because these products have no patent protection. The mechanism of action of the phytotherapeutic agents is not clearly understood as many in vitro experimental studies have demonstrated diverse spectrum of mechanisms. The main mechanisms of action that has received the greatest attention are anti-inflammatory, 5α-reductase inhibition, and more recently growth factor alteration. The current review covers all such studies and critiques the efficacy and value of such phytotherapeutic products and preparations available for the management of BPH.
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