This study examines the impact of firm size on the effect of capital structure choice on the firm value in one of the emerging markets, Indonesia. The study of capital structure choice and firm value in emerging markets is captivating due to the different characteristics of its companies as compared to the characteristics of companies in developed countries. To rigorously conduct the research, this study uses annual reports and market value of 1,638 listed non-financial companies as the result of a random sampling method with 7-year observation periods, 2012 until 2018. The finding supports the existing literature that optimal capital structure choice reflects an appropriate mix of debt and the company's equity that enhances the firm value. This means that capital structure is one of the significant aspects of the decision-making of investment by investors. Similar to that in developing countries, increasing long-term debt is a funding option when the internal funds are insufficient. Reducing retained earnings affected by lower profitability level increase corporate long-term debt. Furthermore, the size of a company Yossi Diantimala

This research aims to determine the factors that affect cigarette consumption expenditure on poor households as well as to know the pattern of t cigarette consumption expenditure of Aceh's poor households in 2010 and 2015. The independent variables used are the price of cigarettes, household income, number of adult family members adult, food without cigarettes cunsumption, education expenditure and health expense. The method used is OLS (Ordinary Least Square) using secondary data that Susenas in March 2010 and 2015. The results of this study are the variables household income and food expenditures without cigarettes affecting cigarette consumption expenditure of Aceh's poor households in 2010. In year 2015 there are two additional variables education expenditures and health expense that affect cigarette consumption expenditures in poor households. Suggested for further research should be able to enter the psicology characteristic variables in poor households with indept study. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengeluaran konsumsi rokok pada rumah tangga miskin serta untuk mengetahui pola pengeluaran konsumsi rokok pada rumah tangga miskin di Aceh tahun 2010 dan 2015. Variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah harga rokok, pendapatan rumah tangga, jumlah anggota rumah tangga dewasa, pengeluaran makanan tanpa rokok, pengeluaran pendidikan dan pengeluaran kesehatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah OLS (Ordinary Least Square) dengan menggunakan data sekunder yaitu Susenas bulan maret tahun 2010 dan 2015. Hasil penelitian ini adalah variabel pendapatan rumah tangga dan pengeluaran makanan tanpa rokok mempengaruhi pengeluaran konsumsi rokok pada rumah tangga miskin di Aceh tahun 2010. Di tahun 2015 ada penambahan variabel, yaitu pengeluaran pendidikan dan pengeluaran kesehatan yang berpengaruh terhadap pengeluaran konsumsi rokok pada rumah tangga miskin. Disarankan untuk penelitian selanjutnya sebaiknya dapat memasukkan variabel karakteristik variabel karakteristik psikologi pada rumah tangga miskin dengan penelitian yang bersifat mikro (indept study). PENDAHULUANIndonesia merupakan negara keempat terbesar jumlah penduduk di dunia dengan persentase sebesar 3,5 persen terhadap jumlah penduduk dunia. Jumlah penduduk Indonesia tahun 2015 sebesar 255,46 juta jiwa dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk rata-rata per tahun dalam lima tahun terakhir sebesar 1,42 persen. Sedangkan, penduduk Aceh yang hanya 1,96 persen dari penduduk Indonesia yaitu sebesar lima juta jiwa dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk rata-rata pertahun selama lima tahun terakhir sebesar 2,12 persen (BPS, 2016).

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This study aims to investigate regional socioeconomic inequality (SEI) using alternative indices. The fruitful indices of the SEI with a different perspective from those found in previous studies are the main contribution to the literature. Afterward, a dynamic spatial panel model (GMM) is used to analyze the effect of human capital, economic growth, and spatial distance for the regions on the SEI. To simplify the ideas, it uses Aceh Province with 23 regencies, as one of the appropriate regions, for this study. Data are obtained from various government sources for the period 2010-2018. The results show that the indices demonstrate the economic strengths and weaknesses, economic capability, environmental input efficiency, and conditional weighted SEI of the regions' human capital. These indices explain that human capital has a critical role on the effect of natural resources, government income, conflict, and natural disasters on the SEI. Besides, the spatial distance of regions also plays an important role in reducing the SEI of regions. Therefore, the regional development policies should underline the important role of those in supporting the quality of the SEI of the regions. For future research, it suggests involving a spatial distance of regions in determining the SEI of a region.