Health literacy, a more complex concept than knowledge, is a required capacity to obtain, understand, integrate and act on health information [1], in order to enhance individual and community health, which is defined by different levels, according to the autonomy and personal capacitation in decision making [2]. Medium levels of Health literacy in an adolescent population were found in a study conducted in 2013/2014, being higher in sexual and reproductive health and lower in substance use. It was also noticed that the higher levels of health literacy were in the area adolescents refer to have receipt more health information. The health literacy competence with higher scores was communication skills, and the lower scores were in the capacity to analyze factors that influence health. Higher levels were also found in younger teenagers, but in a higher school level, confirming the importance of health education in these age and development stage. Adolescents seek more information in health professionals and parents, being friends more valued as a source information in older adolescents, which enhance the importance of peer education mainly in older adolescents [3]. As a set of competences based on knowledge, health literacy should be developed through education interventions, encompassing the cultural and social context of individuals, since the society, culture and education system where the individual is inserted can define the way the development and enforcement of the health literacy competences [4]. The valued sources of information should be taken into account, as well as needs of information in some topics referred by adolescents in an efficient health education. Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness which has a profound effect on the health and well-being related with the well-known nature of psychotic symptoms. The exercise has the potential to improve the life of people with schizophrenia improving physical health and alleviating psychiatric symptoms. However, most people with schizophrenia remains sedentary and lack of access to exercise programs are barriers to achieve health benefits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise on I) the type of intervention in mental health, II) in salivary levels of alpha-amylase and cortisol and serum levels of S100B and BDNF, and on III) the quality of life and selfperception of the physical domain of people with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 31 females in long-term institutions in the Casa de Saúde Rainha Santa Isabel, with age between 25 and 63, and with diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Physical fitness was assessed by the six-minute walk distance test (6MWD). Biological variables were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Psychological variables were assessed using SF-36, PSPP-SCV, RSES and SWLS tests. Walking exercise has a positive impact on physical fitness (6MWD -p = 0.001) and physical components of the psychological test...

Background Preventing intimate partner violence or dating violence (DV) among adolescents is a public health priority due to its magnitude and damaging short and long-term consequences for adolescent and adult health. In our study protocol, we complement prior experiences in DV prevention by promoting protective factors (or assets) against gender violence such as communication skills, empathy and problem-solving capability through “Cinema Voice”, a participatory educational intervention based on adolescents’ strengths to tackle DV. Methods/design A longitudinal quasi-experimental educational intervention addressed to boys and girls ages 13–17 years, enrolled in secondary education schools in Alicante (Spain), Rome (Italy), Cardiff (UK), Iasi (Romania), Poznan (Poland) and Matosinhos (Portugal). Both process and results evaluations will be carried out with 100–120 intervention and 120–150 control group students per city at three time periods: before, after and 6 months after the implementation of the following interventions: 1) Training seminar with teachers to promote knowledge and skills on the core issues of intervention; 2) Workshops with intervention groups, where participants produce their own digital content presenting their perspective on DV; and 3) Short film exhibitions with participants, their families, authorities and other stakeholders with the objective of share the results and engage the community. Outcome measures are self-perceived social support, machismo, sexism, tolerance towards gender violence, social problem-solving and assertiveness as well as involvement in bullying/cyberbullying. Other socio-demographic, attitudes and violence-related co-variables were also included. Discussion This study may provide relevant information about the effectiveness of educational interventions that combine a positive youth development framework with educational awareness about the importance of achieving gender equality and preventing and combating gender violence. To our knowledge, this is the first study that involves six European countries in an educational intervention to promote violence protective assets among enrolled adolescents in secondary schools. This study may provide the needed tools to replicate the experience in other contexts and other countries. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03411564 . Unique Protocol ID: 776905. Date registered: 18-01-2018.

O presente documento constitui uma reflexão crítica sobre os pressupostos gerais das metodologias feministas aplicados ao exercício da Psicologia especificamente em contextos terapêuticos. É feita uma breve alusão ao enquadramento histórico que esteve subjacente à emergência da Psicologia feminista, bem como aos princípios que estiveram na base do desenvolvimento de novas e inovadoras práticas terapêuticas dirigidas, sobretudo a mulheres, numa lógica de intervenção feminista. Ao advogar o princípio da emancipação feminina, totalmente adverso ao regime patriarcal, os/as psicólogos/as feministas assumem a sua opção pela não neutralidade da ciência psicológica e das suas práticas e politizam os espaços terapêuticos onde se movimentam. Esta tomada de posição é particularmente significativa nas situações de violência, uma vez que possibilita que as vítimas vejam validadas as suas experiências pessoais.

Dating violence (DV) among adolescents is a public health issue because of its negative health consequences. In this study, we aimed to analyse the prevalence and the psychosocial and socioeconomic risk and protective factors associated DV among male and female adolescents in Europe. It was performed a cross-sectional study based on a non-probabilistic sample of 1555 students aged 13–16 years (2018–2019). The global prevalence of DV victimization was significantly greater among girls than boys (girls: 34.1%, boys: 26.7%; p = 0.012). The prevalence of DV in both girls and boys was greater for those over age 15 (girls: 48.5% p < 0.001; boys: 35.9%; p = 0.019). There was an increased likelihood of DV victimization among girls whose fathers did not have paid employment (p = 0.024), who suffered abuse in childhood, and reported higher Benevolent Sexism [PR (CI 95%): 1.01 (1.00–1.03)] and machismo [1.02 (1.00–1.05)]. In the case of boys, the likelihood of DV increased with abuse in childhood (p = 0.018), lower parental support [0.97 (0.96–0.99)], high hostile sexism scores (p = 0.019), lower acceptance of violence (p = 0.009) and high machismo (p < 0.001). Abuse in childhood was shown to be the main factor associated with being a victim of DV in both population groups, as well as sexism and machismo attitudes. These results may contribute to future DV prevention school programs for both, teenagers and children of elementary school ages.

ResumoNos últimos anos as metodologias feministas têm influenciado fortemente a psicologia e as ciências sociais em geral, trazendo para o domínio da investigação novas possibilidades de pesquisa e de entendimento das dinâmicas sociais. A denominada crise positivista, muito marcada pelas críticas feministas à objectividade e neutralidade da ciência, legitimou a emergência de portentosas ferramentas analíticas, entre as quais a reflexividade. Este artigo explora a importância da adopção da reflexividade no processo de investigação e a sua influência na construção de uma ciência mais responsável. São discutidos os pontos de convergência entre a reflexividade e os pressupostos que presidem à utilização das metodologias feministas na psicologia. Palavras-chave: Metodologias feministas; reflexividade; ciências sociais. Feminist Methodologies: Reflexivity in Social Sciences Research AbstractIn recent years feminist methodologies has greatly influenced psychology and social sciences in general, bringing up to the research field new possibilities of analysis and knowledge about social dynamics. The positivist crisis, affected in a large extent by feminist critics related with objectivity and neutrality of science, legitimated the emergence of potent analytic tools, among them reflexivity. This paper explores the importance of adopting reflexivity in the research process and its influence in the construction of a more responsible science. Convergent topics between reflexivity and the principles that underlie feminist methodologies in psychology are discussed. Keywords: Feminist methodologies; reflexivity; social sciences. As ciências sociais, durante décadas, invocaram a chancela da objectividade como pilar de garantia da produção de discursos científicos independentes, fidedignos, verdadeiros e universais (Breuer, Mruck & Roth, 2002;Neves & Nogueira, 2003; Nogueira, 1996;Miller, 2000;Tittoni & Jacques, 1998). Tentando criar a impressão de que os seus produtos seriam eles mesmos objectivos, as ciências sociais foram sustentando a crença de que o conhecimento científico não poderia ser senão autónomo da pessoa que o produzia (Breuer & cols., 2002), o que lhe deferia um rigor e uma imparcialidade inquestionáveis.As abordagens positivistas da ciência, cujo legado se mantém visível nas práticas e metodologias de investigação científica actuais, ao encorajar a neutralidade e a isenção dos/as investigadores/as face a todo o processo de pesquisa e de interpretação dos resultados dele provenientes, perpetuaram a visão do/a cientista alheado/a do seu objecto de conhecimento e de costas voltadas para a repercussão que a sua própria subjectividade causava no modo como lia e analisava os elementos observados. O ideal do/a cientista competente seria compatível, por isso, com a imagem do/a cientista despido/a das suas crenças, valores e ideologias e convenientemente desatento/a aos factores sociais, culturais, históricos e políticos que enformavam as performances dos/as actores/actrizes sociais com os/as quais interagia (face-a-face o...

To analyze the potential association between social support, experiences of violence, and sociodemographic characteristics of adolescents and the likelihood of acceptance of violence and machismo in different European countries. Methods: Cross-sectional design. We recruited 1,555 participants ages 13e16 from secondary schools in Alicante (Spain), Rome (Italy), Iasi (Romania), Matosinhos (Portugal), Poznan (Poland), and Cardiff (UK). We used linear regression models to identify how social support from teachers and parents, experiences of violenceddating violence, bullying, cyberbullying, abuse in childhooddand sociodemographic characteristics were associated with violent thinking, specifically: machismo and acceptance of violence. The analysis was stratified by sex. Results: Acceptance of violence was higher for those who had lower perceived social support from parents (b girls ¼ À154, p < .001; b boys ¼ À.114, p ¼ .019) for both sexes. Perpetration of bullying and/or cyberbullying was associated with higher scores for machismo and acceptance of violence for both sexes (b girls ¼ .067, p ¼ .035; b boys ¼ .225, p < .001; (b girls ¼ .118, p < .001; b boys ¼ .210, p < .001).Being the victim of dating violence, having suffered physical and/or sexual abuse in childhood, and lower perceived social support from teachers were associated with higher scores for both machismo and acceptance of violence. These associations differed between girls and boys. Conclusions: Machismo and acceptance of violence are widely present amongst adolescents in different European countries. Our results suggest the importance of providing educational/

ResumoA Escala de Condutas Antissociais e Delitivas tem vindo a ser usada em vários países como uma medida comportamental do desvio juvenil, evidenciando resultados muito consistentes. Este artigo apresenta e discute a análise da validade empírica da estrutura fatorial da sua versão Portuguesa. A amostra foi constituída por 443 estudantes, 305 do sexo feminino e 138 do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 23 anos de idade (M = 14,8; DP = 1,90; Mo = 20), maioritariamente de nacionalidade portuguesa (92,1%). Em 60,6% dos casos os/as estudantes frequentavam a universidade. Os resultados sugerem a adequação psicométrica do instrumento, corroborando a estrutura bifatorial proposta em estudos prévios. São discutidas as potencialidades da utilização do instrumento em Portugal. Palavras-chave: Condutas antissociais e delitivas, avaliação, estrutura fatorial, Portugal. AbstractThe Scale of Antisocial and Criminal Conducts has been used in several countries as a behavioral measure, showing very consistent results. This paper presents and discusses the analysis of the empirical validity of the factorial structure of its Portuguese version. The sample was comprised of 443 students, 305 female and 138 male, aged between 15 and 23 years (M = 14.8; SD = 1.90; Mo = 20), mostly Portuguese (92%), and 60.6% were college students. Results suggest the psychometric adequacy of instrument, confi rming the bi-factorial structure proposed in previous studies. Advantages of its use with the Portuguese population are discussed.

Children and adolescents living in residential childcare have a higher prevalence of mental health problems as a result of a history of adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, this population should be a priority target for mental health preventive interventions. The current study analyses the effectiveness of the Wave by Wave surf therapy program, that combines surfing with a psychological group intervention, through a randomized controlled trial. Seventy-three youth (7-17 years) living in residential care participated in the study. Main mental health outcomes (adjustment problems, depression, anxiety, and wellbeing) and secondary outcomes (self-efficacy, self-regulation, sleep quality, physical activity, pro-social behavior, and social connectivity) were assessed at pre- and post-intervention. The results indicated a significant impact of the intervention on mental health outcomes reported by the key residential worker, with medium to large effect sizes. Specifically, after the intervention, there was a significant reduction in the total emotional and behavioural problems, and a significant increase of youth pro-social behaviour and quality of life that was not observed for the waiting list group. There were no significant effects on other measures reported by the children (e.g., depression and anxiety, self-esteem, emotion regulation, social connectedness, sleep quality, physical activity) and on executive functions measures. The Wave by Wave program seems to be an effective intervention to reduce behavior problems and to promote pro-social behavior in a high-risk sample. The absence of significant effects on other dimensions may indicate the need of some complementary support to address specific difficulties of this population.