Estimation of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been considered as valuable noninvasive biochemical diagnostic tool for early detection of prostatic carcinoma. This cross sectional purposive study was carried out to compare the performance of serum total PSA and free PSA in terms of their sensitivity, specificity and overall diagnostic accuracy for prostatic carcinoma among clinically suspected cases. This study included a total of fifty (50) DRE (digital rectal examination) positive patients admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH) and Private hospitals in Rajshahi city during the period of January, 2006 to January, 2008. Estimation of serum total PSA and free PSA were done by ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) method using commercially available kits and histopathological examination of the surgically resected prostatic tissue was done for laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma for all patients. Diagnostic sensitivities, specificities and overall accuracy of serum total PSA and free PSA were calculated using standard formulae against histopathological diagnosis. Prostatic carcinoma was detected by histopathological examination in 41 cases out of 50 patients with the mean age of 71.2 ± 10.1 years. The sensitivity, specificity and overall diagnostic accuracy of serum total PSA (at cut off value of ≥10 ng/ml) were found to be 80.48%, 88.90% and 82.00% respectively while they were 92.68%, 77.80% and 90.00% respectively for serum percent free PSA (at cut off value of ≤25%). It is inferred that percent free PSA is a better tumor marker than serum total PSA in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) during pregnancy cause significant fetal and maternal morbidity. Evaluation of glycemic status throughout the pregnancy especially during second and third trimesters is of paramount importance to detect GDM and IGT cases. This can help taking appropriate control measures and to avoid unwanted feto-maternal outcomes. The focus of this research is to understand variation of glycemic status at different trimester and generate a baseline data for Bangladesh using a case study. A total of 300 pregnant women at different trimester of pregnancy were recruited for the study. Plasma glucose levels both fasting and post prandial were done by standard laboratory procedure in all pregnant women included in this study. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) level of all pregnant women were also estimated and expressed in percentage (%). Out of 300 pregnant women 57% were in 3rd , 32% were in the 2nd and 11 % were in the 1st trimester. The results found 3%, 6.3% and 4.1% pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester respectively had significantly raised level of postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) and HbA1c levels with cumulative prevalence of 4.7%. This finding is consistent with the range of GDM as per World Health Organization (WHO) estimates in different population study. The finding from this research will be beneficial to understand the risk for GDM implement patient screening plan to work effectively in Bangladesh.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-2, Jan 2017, Page 791-794
Breast cancer is the second common cause of cancer death in women of our country. Treatment of breast cancer depends on a number of parameters known as pathological and biological prognostic markers. Knowledge of the tumour grade would avoid under treatment of high grade carcinomas and over treatment of low grade carcinomas. Out study evaluated the feasibility of a grading system on FNA of duct cell carcinoma (NOS) and its ability to predict the histologic grade of the surgical specimens. The two widely practice grading system; Robinson’s cytological grading and Scraff Bloom Richardson histological grading system were utilized for this purpose. Various reports quote varied reproducibility, ranging from 50 to 90% correlation between histologic and cytologic grade. In this study, the correlation between histologic and cytologic grade is 86.3%. In this study association between grading by FNAC and histology was statistically highly significant (χ2=27.66, df=1, p<0.05) sensitivity 100% and specificity 58.33%. Maximum correlation was noted in grade-I. Out of 53 cases 46 showed correlation between histologic and cytologic grading, only 7 cases showed no correlation. Histologic grade were higher than cytologic grade and maximum were within one grade difference. The reasons for discrepancies between cytologic and histologic grades appear to be due to lack of histologic parameter of mitosis in cytology. In this study, a total 57 cases of breast lump were selected for FNAC; of them 56 were female and 1 male. Out of 57 cases, 44 cases had duct cell carcinoma (DCC) and 13 cases had atypical finding such as small cells, inconspicuous nucleoli. Fifty three cases were diagnosed as DCC and lobular carcinoma by histopathological study. After confirmation of the diagnosis of breast cancer by histopathological examination ER, PR determination by immunohistochemistry was done in all 53 cases of breast cancer. FNAC has good sensitivity (85.29%) and very high specificity (100%). It can replace the open biopsy in the majority cases of clinically malignant disease. TAJ 2018; 31(1): 1-8
A thirty five years old man, reported at ENT Department SZMC, Bogra, and sent to private laboratory in Rajshahi July 2009 with 6 month history of left sided nasal obstruction, pain and intermittent epistaxis. Physical examination revealed a large polyp-like mass protruding from left nose. Histopathology revealed the picture of glomus tumor.TAJ 2009; 22(1): 255-256
Background & objective: The role Ki-67 as a prognostic marker has been studied in many cancers in many studies. However, only few studies reported the prognostic role of Ki-67 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with contradictory opinions. The present study was undertaken to assess the Ki-67 proliferation index (PI) in tissue sections of CRC and to investigate the relationship between the proliferative activity and histological type, grade and stage of the tumour. Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi over a period of two years from September 2017 to August 2019. All clinically suspected cases of CRC and later confirmed by histopathology were the study population. A total 44 such cases were included in the study. Tissue sections from 44 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were examined at the Department of Pathology of Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi. The cases were histologically classified, graded (WHO) and staged according to TNM and modified Dukes’ staging system. Ki-67 proliferation index was calculated immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody MIB-1, and were studied under light microscope. Expression of Ki-67 was calculated as a percentage of labeled nuclei per 500 cells counted in consecutive five high-power fields in the most reactive areas of the slides. The staining results were categorized into groups using a cut-off value of Ki-67 determined by ROC curve analysis. Results: In the present study the cases with high Ki-67 PI were significantly associated with high grade colorectal carcinoma (p = 0.005). TNM Stage-II and Stage-III tumours were more likely to be associated with high Ki-67 PI than those with low Ki-67 PI (p < 0.001). A significant association was observed between Ki-67 immuno-expression and modified Dukes’ staging of the tumours with Stage C being highly associated with high Ki-67 PI (p < 0.001). But histologic tumor type (mucinous and non-mucinous) was not found to be associated with Ki-67 proliferation index. Based on Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis tumors with nuclear immunoreactivity ≥ 25% were considered as high proliferation index (PI) and < 25% as low PI. The Ki-67 at a cut-off value of >25% had high sensitivity (85.7%) in differentiating high grade CRC from the low-grade tumors but its specificity was moderate (67.6%) with overall diagnostic accuracy being 70.5%. Conclusion: The study concluded that cases with high Ki-67 PI are significantly associated with high grade CRC (poorly differentiated) than the cases with low grade CRC (well and moderately differentiated). TNM Stage-II & Stage-III and modified Dukes’ stage C also more often tend to be associated with high Ki-67 PI than with low Ki-67 PI. Ibrahim Card Med J 2020; 10 (1&2): 33-39
This cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was carried out for a period of 24 months from January 2014 to December 2015 in the Department of Pathology and Department of Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi for evaluation of clinical and histological presentation of colorectal carcinoma patients in total fifty four patient. Data were collected by face to face interview, clinical examination. The study revealed that the colorectal carcinoma was highest in the 5th and 6th decade and rectal area (46.3%) and male predominance was observed with male to female ratio being 3:2. Abdominal pain (61.1%), weight loss (61.1%), per rectal bleeding (57.4%), altered bowel habit (24.1%) and melena (24.1%) are the main presenting symptoms. In terms of ABO blood grouping, blood group ‘B’ was found predominant (44.4%), followed by group ‘A’ (24.1%), group ‘AB’ (14.8%) and group ‘O’ (16.7%). TAJ 2020; 33(2): 15-19
Introduction: Colposcopy is done to detect cervical cancer and changes that may lead to cervical cancer. We aimed our study to observe the incidence of different pathologies of the cervix in Colposcopic specimens in Rajshahi Medical College of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Retrospective data were collected from the routine histopathological laboratory in the department of pathology Rajshahi Medical College and were recorded during a study period of 1 year (July 2019 to June 2020). Observations: Colposcopic biopsy is one of the commonest diagnostic procedures for assessing cervical Pathosis. Out of 641 specimens more than half, 365 specimens (56.50%) were Chronic Cervicitis. In present study, Chronic Cervicitis with squamous metaplasia and Invasive squamous cell carcinoma became the 2nd, 16.39% (105 specimens), and 3rd, 13.42% (86 specimens) most pathology involving the cervix. Cervical polyp, Endocervical and Leiomyomatous constitute 6.39% and 1.57% of the specimens respectively. 4.36% (28 specimens) of the study sample were the Intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I, CIN II, CIN III). Adenocarcinoma and Clear cell carcinoma constitute 0.79% and 0.16% of the study specimens. 50 % of the cervical squamous cell carcinoma was moderately differentiated and well-differentiated and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma constitutes 30.23% and 19.77% respectively. Conclusions: Colposcopic examination of cervical biopsy specimens helps to detect the exact causes and underlined pathology
Background: Angiogenesis is a basic process that enables neoplasm to thrive. Microvessel density (MVD) evaluation is an accepted parameter for assessing the angiogenesis process within a tumour. The research was focused to evaluate angiogenesis by using CD34 immunomarker in invasive breast cancer and to correlate the microvessel density with grades and stages. Objective: To determine microvessel density by CD34 immunoreactivity in female breast cancer and its relation with grading and staging. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive type of study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Rajshahi Medical College. Forty-five untreated cases of breast cancer were included in this study between the period of July 2019 to June 2021 and paraffin embedded sections were obtained from representative mastectomy specimen. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain followed by evaluation of angiogenesis by using CD34 antibody. Results: In this study, most of the patients (71.1%) belonged to age < 50 years where the mean age was found 47.5 + 12.4 years. In 45 cases, tumour sizes ranged from 1-8 cm. 86.7% (39 cases) ranges from 0-5 cm, where only (6 cases) 13.3% were more than 5 cm. About 30 cases (66.7%) lymph nodes were positive for metastasis. According to histopathological grade 51.1% belonged to grade III followed by 28.9% grade II and 20% grade I. Histological stage showed most of the cases was stage II (48.9 %) followed by stage I (26.7 %) then stage III (24.4 %). Upon statistical analysis, a significant relation was obtained between MVD with increasing histologic grades and stages. Conclusion: As a new prognostic marker it would be of great value in diagnosis and in identifying patients at high risk of tumor recurrence more accurately. By this way breast cancer patients might be benefited from adjuvant therapies.
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