An investigation was carried out to study frequency of pesticide use during vegetable production and its impact on environment. A structured questionnaire and researchers observation were used for this study. The data were collected from six different villages of sixty farmers at Mymensingh sadar upazilla in Bangladesh during February to May, 2013. More than half of the respondents (51.7%) were illiterate and lack of knowledge on pesticide use. About 60% respondents had 16-20 years farming experience and showed comparative knowledge on pesticide use. About 56.7% respondents practiced monthly communication with extension worker (Block Supervisor). About 66.7% respondents spent 04-06 hours to media every day. Half of the respondents had low level knowledge on pesticide use, where only 3.3% respondent showed high level knowledge on pesticide use. About half of the respondents (51.7%) used pesticide 16-20 times during the season. About 21.7% respondent used pesticide 21-25 times during the season. For selective vegetable okra showed highest frequency, about 16.7% respondents used pesticide 26-30 times during the season, while one third respondents (33.3%) used pesticide 16-20 times. About 58.3% respondent used pesticide 16-20 times for brinjal, while 8.3% respondents used 21-25 times. About two- fifth respondents (41.7%) used pesticide 16-20 times and 21-25 times for bitter gourd, while 8.3% respondents used 05-10 times and 10-15 times. About 58.3% respondent used pesticide 16-20 times for snake gourd, while 16.3% respondents used 21-25 times. About 66.7% respondent used pesticide 16-20 times for cucumber, while 16.7% respondents used 21-25 times. It indicated farmers used pesticide to their field 1-2 times in a week during the season in some vegetable cultivation. Therefore it has a high chance of remaining pesticide residues in the vegetables and soil. Moreover, most of the respondents applied pesticides without any protection measure and faced health problem due to expose with pesticide. Routine research work with wide public awareness, government and NGO participation, and government regulation are needed for food safety and sound environment.Progressive Agriculture 26 (2): 97-102, 2015
The allelopathic potential of plant species and their related compounds has been increasingly reported to be biological tools for weed control. The allelopathic potential of Garcinia xanthochymus was assessed against several test plant species: lettuce, rapeseed, Italian ryegrass, and timothy. The extracts of G. xanthochymus leaves significantly inhibited all the test plants in a concentration- and species-specific manner. Therefore, to identify the specific compounds involved in the allelopathic activity of the G. xanthochymus extracts, assay-guided purification was carried out and two allelopathic compounds were isolated and identified as methyl phloretate {3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid methyl ester} and vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid). Both of the substances significantly arrested the cress and timothy seedlings growth. I50 values (concentrations required for 50% inhibition) for shoots and roots growth of the cress and timothy were 113.6–104.6 and 53.3–40.5 μM, respectively, for methyl phloretate, and 331.6–314.7 and 118.8–107.4 μM, respectively, for vanillic acid, which implied that methyl phloretate was close to 3- and 2-fold more effective than vanillic acid against cress and timothy, respectively. This report is the first on the presence of methyl phloretate in a plant and its phytotoxic property. These observations suggest that methyl phloretate and vanillic acid might participate in the phytotoxicity of G. xanthochymus extract.
Background: Change of liver biochemical profiles is normal during pregnancy. It is almost impossible to understand disease processes that can threaten women during pregnancy without understanding normal physiological change. Aim of this study is to evaluate changes in serum liver function tests in normal pregnant women in first, second and third trimester. Material and Methods: The cross-sectional comparative study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh in 2019. This study consists of 90 pregnant women and 90 matched control. Among the 90 pregnant women, 30 were in first trimester, 30 were in second trimester and 30 were in third trimester. Blood samples were taken for routine liver function and protein profiles Results: Serum total and direct bilirubin concentrations were significantly lower in second and third trimester. The mean ALP level was slightly increased in 2nd trimester and drastically increased in 3rd trimesters during pregnancy. Serum ALT and AST activity was significantly increased in third trimester. No significant change in serum total proteins concentration, but serum albumin concentration was significantly lower and serum globulin concentration was significantly higher in all three trimester. Serum albumin/globulin ratio was significantly reduced in second and third trimester. Conclusion: Relative values of various liver function tests during gestational trimesters appear to be the best guide to confirm the diagnosis and treatment strategies. Thus, gynecologists should routinely monitor liver function tests in all gestational trimesters to avoid the future complications to mother and offspring. TAJ 2020; 33(1): 17-24
This was a prospective study conducted in a cohort of live normal full term singleton newborns delivered in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital with the objective to explore their early neonatal health as well as the role of low birth weight on it. A total 770 live normal newborns were Included in this study. For data collection APGAR Score Estimating Checklist and one protested structured questionnaire were used. Simple descriptive as well as analytical techniques including Chi-square t test were done.The results of this study suggested that low weight (LBW) babies were more prone to develop early neonatal morbidity and mortality than normal birth weight (NBW) babies. LBW infants needed more resuscitation and responded less to resuscitative effort than the infants of NBW. Birth asphyxia was the commonest cause of early neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Objectives : To determine the prevalence, aetiology and susceptibility profile of bacterial agents of wound infection among in- and- out patients.Methods : Wound swabs collected from 150 patients were, cultured and microbial isolates identified using standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done on bacterial isolates.Results : Of the 150 swabs 131 (87.4%) were culture positive for bacterial pathogens, while 19 (12.6%) were bacteriologically sterile showing an isolation rate of 87.4%. The predominant bacteria isolated from the infected wounds were Staphylococcus aureus 47 (32.4%) followed by Escherichia coli 29 (20%), Proteus species 23 (16%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci 21 (14.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 14 (10%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11 (8%). All isolates showed high frequency of resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, cephalothin and tetracycline. The flouroquinolones were the most potent antimicrobial agents against bacterial isolates from both in - and out -patients.Conclusion : Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant etiologic agent of wound infection among in and out patients. A generally higher resistance pattern was observed among nosocomial bacterial pathogens. Prudent use of antibiotics is recommended.TAJ 2011; 24(2): 136-141
Using plant-based allelopathic compounds might be a potent substitute to help mitigate the effects of synthetic herbicides. Annona reticulata L. is often planted for its fruit in residential gardens. This plant is well-documented for its diverse ethnomedicinal uses. However, there is no information in the literature on the allelopathic potential of A. reticulata leaves. Therefore, the allelopathic potential and relevant allelopathic compounds of A. reticulata leaves were investigated in this study. The bioassays were carried out using a completely randomized experimental layout (CRD), and the resulting data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at p ≤ 0.05. Aqueous methanol extracts of A. reticulata leaves significantly inhibited the growth of three dicots and three monocots (Lepidium sativum L., Medicago sativa L., Lactuca sativa L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Lolium multiflorum Lam., and Phleum pratense L., respectively). The level of growth inhibition was proportional to the A. reticulata extract concentration. Three compounds were purified through different chromatographic steps, and their structures were determined using spectroscopy and identified as loliolide, 5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2(5H)-one, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol. The 5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2(5H)-one had the greatest effect on suppressing cress root growth, while loliolide had the greatest effect on suppressing timothy shoot growth. The values for 50% seedling growth suppression showed that the compound with the maximum inhibitory activity was loliolide, followed by 5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2(5H)-one and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol. Therefore, this result suggests that the three compounds might be responsible for the allelopathic effects of A. reticulata leaf extracts, and these compounds have the potential to be used to develop effective bioherbicides.
The experiments were conducted to know the efficacy of Buprofezin (Award 40 SC), an insect growth regulator against 2nd instar larvae of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) under laboratory conditions (insect rearing was done at room temperature and relative humidity that is 260C-300C and 65-80% relative humidity) at three different concentrations viz. 200, 400, and 600 ppm through three different application methods like direct or topical, indirect or leaf-dip and combined. The experiment was laid out in complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications and ten 2nd instar larvae of Spodoptera litura were used for each replication. Results revealed that this growth regulator strongly arrested the growth and development of S. litura (Fabricius) from larval stage to adult. The treated data were recorded after adult emergence and compared with untreated control adult. The results clearly showed that Buprofezin had significant effect on the inhibition of adult weight; wing length and width compared to control and consequence were clearly dose, time and method dependent. As well as we are hopeful because we found some abnormal adult from the treated larvae that may increase the potentiality of Buprofezin as an excellent tool of IPM. The maximum, 54.53% adult weight reduction was recorded from 600 ppm of Buprofezin through combined application method which was followed by leaf-dip (46.41%) and topical application method (39.86%). Similarly, 23.13% wing length and 22.27% wing width were inhibited when larvae were treated with 600 ppm through combined application method compared to control. The 2nd best result was found from 400 ppm and leaf-dip application method. The dose, 200 ppm and topical application method was found to be less effective compared to the rest of the two doses or two application methods. So this is the demand of the current situation to evaluate this selective bio-rational molecules against S. litura as the alternatives of conventional insecticides to combat resistance development, effective larval control, inhibition of growth and development, to keep the natural enemies safe and fit these molecules in IPM packages individually or combindly. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 514–520, 2019
Objective: The present study was done to see the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from wound infection.Methods: Wound swabs collected from 150 patients of wound infection were cultured and microbial isolates identified using standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on bacterial isolates by Modified Kirby Bauer method.Results: Of the 150 swabs 131 (87.4%) were culture positive for bacterial pathogens, while 19 (12.6%) were bacteriologically sterile showing an isolation rate of 87.4%. The predominant bacteria isolated from the infected wounds were Staphylococcus aureus 47 (32.4%) followed by Escherichia coli 29 (20%), Proteus species 23 (16%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci 21 (14.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 14 (10%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11 (8%).In case of gram positive bacteria- rate of isolates resistant to ampicillin was 94%, followed by penicillin G, 86.8%, Tetracycline, 51.5%. In case of gram negative bacteria- rate of isolates resistant to ampicillin was 96%, followed by cephalothin, 92.4%, Tetracycline, 74%.Conclusion: In antimicrobial susceptibility testing ampicillin, penicillin, cephalothin and tetracycline were the least effective. Gentamicin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and amikacin were the most effective antibiotics.TAJ 2013; 26: 61-66
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