Aims: To evaluate two chromogenic media, Brilliance CRE and chromID CARBA, with stool samples referred to the Public Health Laboratories Division of the National Institute of Health in Islamabad, and assess the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in this population. Methods and Results: One hundred and fifty-two stool samples from patients with diarrhoea were referred to the Microbiology Department and were investigated for the presence of CPE using two chromogenic culture media, Brilliance CRE and chromID CARBA. Thirteen patients (8Á6%) were found to be colonized with CPE and all produced NDM-1 carbapenemase. Twelve of these patients (92%) were found to be colonized by culture on chromID CARBA compared with seven (54%) using Brilliance CRE. Conclusions: If only coloured colonies were considered as presumptive CPE, the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value were 54, 23 and 6% for Brilliance CRE and 85, 85 and 36% for chromID CARBA, respectively. Significance and Impact of the Study: We conclude that Enterobacteriaceae that produce NDM-1 carbapenemase can be found in patients from all major provinces of Pakistan and that chromID CARBA was the most effective of the two chromogenic media in this setting.
The recovery of clinical anaerobic isolates on selective and nonselective agar media, as well as the time required to detect the isolates, was examined. Of a total of 235 isolates, 77, 46, and 40% were detected on Schaedler blood agar, colistinnalidixic acid blood agar, and kanamycin-vancomycin-lysed blood agar, respectively, and 94% were detected on the combination of Schaedler blood agar with kanamycin-vancomycin-lysed blood agar. A total of 19% of the anaerobes were detected after incubation for 1 day, and 70% were detected after 2 days.
Objectives : To determine the prevalence, aetiology and susceptibility profile of bacterial agents of wound infection among in- and- out patients.Methods : Wound swabs collected from 150 patients were, cultured and microbial isolates identified using standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done on bacterial isolates.Results : Of the 150 swabs 131 (87.4%) were culture positive for bacterial pathogens, while 19 (12.6%) were bacteriologically sterile showing an isolation rate of 87.4%. The predominant bacteria isolated from the infected wounds were Staphylococcus aureus 47 (32.4%) followed by Escherichia coli 29 (20%), Proteus species 23 (16%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci 21 (14.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 14 (10%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11 (8%). All isolates showed high frequency of resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, cephalothin and tetracycline. The flouroquinolones were the most potent antimicrobial agents against bacterial isolates from both in - and out -patients.Conclusion : Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant etiologic agent of wound infection among in and out patients. A generally higher resistance pattern was observed among nosocomial bacterial pathogens. Prudent use of antibiotics is recommended.TAJ 2011; 24(2): 136-141
Objective: The present study was done to see the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from wound infection.Methods: Wound swabs collected from 150 patients of wound infection were cultured and microbial isolates identified using standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on bacterial isolates by Modified Kirby Bauer method.Results: Of the 150 swabs 131 (87.4%) were culture positive for bacterial pathogens, while 19 (12.6%) were bacteriologically sterile showing an isolation rate of 87.4%. The predominant bacteria isolated from the infected wounds were Staphylococcus aureus 47 (32.4%) followed by Escherichia coli 29 (20%), Proteus species 23 (16%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci 21 (14.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 14 (10%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11 (8%).In case of gram positive bacteria- rate of isolates resistant to ampicillin was 94%, followed by penicillin G, 86.8%, Tetracycline, 51.5%. In case of gram negative bacteria- rate of isolates resistant to ampicillin was 96%, followed by cephalothin, 92.4%, Tetracycline, 74%.Conclusion: In antimicrobial susceptibility testing ampicillin, penicillin, cephalothin and tetracycline were the least effective. Gentamicin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and amikacin were the most effective antibiotics.TAJ 2013; 26: 61-66
Objective: The present study was done to compare the performance of chromogenic agar medium and conventional culture media for the isolation and presumptive identification of uropathogen.Methodology: A total 300 sample were collected from Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh during January to June, 2008. Urine samples of the suspected UTI cases, showing pus cells >5/HPF on microscopic examination were included for urine culture simultaneously onto 2 conventional media (Blood agar and MacConkey agar) and chromogenic agar medium (HiCrome UTI agar medium). Results: Culture yielded 139 (46.33%) bacterial growth among them, 133 (44.33%) showed single organism and remaining 06 (2.00%) showed mixed growth of two organisms in different combinations. It is evident from the present study that both HiCrome UTI agar and Blood agar (BA) media supported growth of all 145 bacteria, while MacConkey (MAC) agar yielded 133(91.72%) bacterial growths. The rate of presumptive identification of the isolates was found significantly higher (97.24%) on HiCrome UTI agar when compared with the MacConkey agar (80.68%) and Blood agar (27.58%) media. Out of 91 E. coli isolated, 88(96.70%) could be identified differentially on HiCrome UTI agar medium in contrast to 85(93.40%) on MacConkey agar and only 06(06.59%) on Blood agar. Again, all 06 (100%) of the isolate-pairs of mixed growth were identified distinctly on HiCrome UTI agar, whereas both Blood agar and MacConkey agar media could revealed only 01(16.66%) of the polymicrobial growth.Conclusion: HiCrome UTI agar medium has been documented for its very high yielding rate, rapid presumptive identification of both single and polymicrobial growths with greater precision and avoidance of biochemical tests for further identification of uropathogens. Thus it can be recommended as primary urine culture medium to be used by the clinical microbiology laboratories.TAJ 2011; 24(2): 128-135
Then Present study was done to assess the distribution of bacterial pathogens with their pattern of antibiotic susceptibility in an urban referral hospital in RMCH. A total of 393 bacteria strains were isolated from various specimens over a 10-months period. The majority of the organisms were Escherichia coli (33.33%) followed by Klebsiella species (27.48%), staphylococcus aureus (17.05%), Acinetobcter species (8.14%), Pseudomonas species (7.12%), and others. The third-generation Cephalosporins like Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime and Cefotaxime were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin of various Enterobacteriaceae was only between 33-40% compared to 52.8-37.9% against Gentamicin. Majority of the Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to Ampicillin, whereas almost all of the Enterobacteriaceae (94-100%) were sensitive to Imipenem. About 97.0% Acinetobacter species were susceptible to Imipenem. Sensitivity of the organism (Acinetobacter) to third-generation Cephalosporins ranged between 50-56%, whereas 40.6% were found sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. The sensitivity to Chloramphenicol, Co-trimixazole, Cephalexin and Ampicillin ranged between 9.3% to 34.3%. About 93.0% of Pseudomonas species were sensitive to Imipenem. The rate of susceptibility to Gentamicin and Netilmicin was higher than those of the Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone (37.8% and 53.5% vc. 39.2%). About 70% of isolated S. aureus were resistane of Oxacillin but all were sensitive to Vancomycin. The result of this study would help the physicians to make a judicious choice of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes.TAJ 2012; 25: 72-76
Objective: The present study was done on Chromogenic agar media to identify uropathogens more efficiently by its characteristic colony colour for each of the organism.Methodology: A total 300 sample were collected from Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Urine samples of the suspected UTI cases, showing pus cells >5/HPF on microscopic examination were included for urine culture simultaneously onto Chromogenic agar media, Blood agar and MacConkey agar media.Results: Culture yielded 139 (46.33%) bacterial growth among them, 133 (44.33%) showed single organism and remaining 06 (2.00%) showed mixed growth of two organisms in different combinations. It is evident from the present study that both Chromogenic agar media and Blood agar (BA) media supported growth of all 145 bacteria, while MacConkey (MAC) agar yielded 133(91.72%) bacterial growths. The rate of presumptive identification of the isolates was found significantly higher (97.24%) on Chromogenic agar media when compared with the MacConkey agar (80.68%) and Blood agar (27.58%) media. Out of 91 E. coli isolated, 88(96.70%) could be identified differentially on Chromogenic agar media in contrast to 85(93.40%) on MacConkey agar and only 06(06.59%) on Blood agar. Again, all 06 (100%) of the isolate-pairs of mixed growth were identified distinctly on Chromogenic agar media, whereas both Blood agar and MacConkey agar media could revealed only 01(16.66%) of the polymicrobial growth.Conclusion: Chromogenic agar media has been documented for its very high yielding rate, rapid presumptive identification of both single and polymicrobial growths with greater precision and avoidance of biochemical tests for further identification of uropathogens. Thus it can be recommended as primary urine culture medium to be used by the clinical microbiology laboratories.TAJ 2012; 25: 64-71
Wounds infection is one of the most major problems in surgical " department related " to surgery, burns unit and orthopedic unit..The present study was to isolate and identify the bacteria causing wound infection and to determine the most effective antibiotic resistance to bacteria.This study was conducted in Kirkuk city from November 2018 to March 2019 , the total number of samples 27, isolated from Kirkuk General Hospital and Azady Teaching Hospital .In this study,13 males and 14 females were taken. Samples were taken from various hospital units(surgical department, burns and orthopedic units). We cultured the samples on the MacConkey Agar and Blood Agar. Then the antibiotic sensitivity was determined against the bacterial isolated from wound infections.A total of 27 patients were studied of which 18 were completely followed up for wound infection. Females were predominant (72%). Of the 18 patients, (27.7%) were identified as E. coli,(22.2 %) Klebsiella,(16.6%) Citrobacter,(11.1%) Proteus, (11.1%) Staphylococcus aureus and (11.1%) Staphylococcus epidermides. the most bacteria that appeared in wound infection is E. coli, and the infection in females more than in males, the most effective antibiotics were Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin and Rifampicin 55.5%
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