Bacterial cellulose is a biopolymer produced by fermentation process with the help of bacteria. It has numerous applications in industrial sector with its characteristic as a biodegradable and nontoxic compound in nature. The potential application of BC is limited by its production costs, because BC is produced from expensive culture media. The use of cheap carbon and nutrient sources such as sago liquid waste is an interesting strategy to overcome this limitation. The objective of this study was to obtain the AAB strain that capable to produce bacterial cellulose from sago liquid waste. Isolation of AAB strains was conducted using CARR media and the screening of BC production was performed on Hestrin-Schramm (HS) media with glucose as a carbon source. The strains of AAB then were evaluated for their cellulose-producing capability using sago liquid waste as a substrate. Thirteen strains of AAB producing BC were isolated from pineapple waste (pineapple core and peel) and seven of them were capable to produce BC using sago liquid waste substrate. One of the AAB strains produced a relatively high BC, i.e. isolate LKN6. The result of morphological and biochemical test was proven that the bacteria was Acetobacter xylinum. The result of this study showed that A. xylinum LKN6 can produce a high yield of BC, therefore this strain is potentially useful for its utilization as a starter in bacterial cellulose production.
Bacterial cellulose (BC) based on sago liquid waste has been developed to be used as food packaging. This study investigated the physicochemical and mechanical properties of modified BC film and its application as food packaging. The modified BC film performed carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a stabilizer and glycerol as a plasticizer. Films were prepared by casting technique using BC as the primary material and composites with various concentrations of CMC and glycerol (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%, v/v). BC film was applied as the packaging of meat sausage, and the quality of meat sausage was measured based on weight loss, moisture content, pH, protein content, and total microbial count. The addition of CMC and glycerol influences the physical and mechanical properties of BC composites film. The best mechanical properties of edible BC film were collected by adding 1% CMC and 1% glycerol with a tensile strength of 17.47 MPa, elongation at a break of 25.60%, and Young’s modulus of 6.54 GPa. FTIR analysis showed the characteristic bands of BC, and the addition of CMC and glycerol slightly changed the FTIR spectrum of the composites. The utilization of modified BC-based sago liquid waste film as the packaging of meat sausage could maintain sausage quality during 6 days of storage at room temperature. Therefore, edible BC film has the potential to be used as food packaging.
Abstract. Improper land management often causes flood, this is due to uncontrolled runoff. Runoff is affected by the management of the land cover. The phenomena also occurred in South East Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the flow rate of water in watershed of Lalindu River in North Konawe, South East Sulawesi by using a Tank Model. The model determined the magnitude of the hydrologic runoff, infiltration capacity and soil water content several land uses were evaluated in the study area. The experimental and calculation results show that the runoff in the forest is 2,639.21 mm /year, in the reed is 2,517.05 mm/year, in the oil palm with a slope more than 45% is 2,715.36 mm/year, and in the oil palm with slopes less than 45% is 2,709.59 mm/year. Infiltration in the forest is 30.70 mm/year, in the reed is 7.51 mm/year, in the palm oil with a slope more than 45% is 24.13 mm/year and in the palm oil with slopes less than 45% is 29.67 mm/year. Runoff contributes to stream flow for water availability.
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biomassa dan faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi kandungan biomassa lamun Enhalus acorroides L. dan Halodule pinifolia berdasarkan kedalaman air laut di Pantai Desa Tanjung Tiram. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni - Agustus 2018. Penelitian ini bersifat eksploratif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada tiga titik pengamatan dengan menggunakan metode purposif sampling berdasarkan kedalaman perairan yaitu kedalaman 1 meter, 2 meter dan 3 meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan biomassa lamu Enhalus acorroides L. yang terdapat pada kedalaman 1 m total biomassa 316,73 g/m2, kedalaman 2 m total biomassa 197,56 g/m2 dan kedalaman 3 m total biomassa 38,26 g/m2. Kandungan biomassa jenis lamun Halodule pinifolia pada kedalaman 1 m total biomassa 1,6 g/m2, kedalaman 2 m total biomassa 2,97 g/m2 dan kedalaman 3 m total biomassa 0,25 g/m2. Faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi kandungan biomassa lamun Enhalus acorroides L. dan Halodule pinifolia pada Perairan Pantai Desa Tanjung Tiram yaitu substrat, kandungan bahan organik (KOT), intensitas cahaya, suhu, salinitas dan kekeruhan. Kata kunci : Biomassa, Enhalus acorroides L. dan Halodule pinifolia ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the biomass and environmental factors that influence the seagrass biomass content of Enhalus acorroides L. and Halodule pinifolia based on the depth of sea water in Tanjung Tiram Village Beach. This research was conducted during June-August 2018. This research was explorative. Sampling area were carried out at three points by observation using purposive sampling method depth water depth of 1 meter, 2 meter and 3 meter. The biomass was estimated in the plot, while enviromental factors that influence the seagrass biomass content of Enhalus acorroides L. and Halodule pinifolia in Tanjung Tiram Village Beach are substrate, nutrient content (KOT), light intensity, temperature, salinity and turbidity. The results showed that Enhalus acorroides L biomass contained at a depth of 1 m total biomass of 316.73 g/m2, depth of 2 m total biomass of 197.56 g/m2 and depth of 3 m total biomass of 38.26 g/m2. Biomass content of Halodule pinifolia seagrass at a depth of 1 m total biomass of 1.6 g / m2, depth of 2 m total biomass of 2.97 g/m2 and a depth of 3 m of total biomass of 0.25 g / m2. Keywords: Biomass, Enhalus acorroides L. and Halodule pinifolia
The final goal of this study is to make a modern systematic-based inventory of amylolytic bacterial isolates producing of bioplastic Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) from sago starch substrate. The identity of three local bacterial isolates was examined in this study, using a polyphasic approach. A data set based on phenotypic characteristics, namely morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemical character, namely whole cells protein profiles using SDS-PAGE method, together with phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA sequences was used to identified by polyphasic approach. Phenotypic characteristics of 3 local bacterial isolates and 4 reference strains to members of genus Bacillus was analyzed by numerical analysis using MVSP 3,1 program to determine the value of similarity. Based on the preliminary characterization of the profile matching method showed that the three isolates of bacteria producing PHB namely PSA10, PPK5 and PPK6 are members of the genus Bacillus. The results of numerical analysis based on phenotypic characteristic and chemical character of the three bacterial isolates producing PHB with reference strains showed that the PSA10 isolate bacterial identical with Bacillus megaterium, PPK5 isolate identical with Bacillus subtilis and PPK6 isolate identical with Bacillus cereus, and these results also support by the molecular phylogenetic analysis. Therefore, the polyphasic taxonomy is an effective approach to uncover the identity of the novel bacterial isolates. ABSTRAKMatlamat akhir kajian ini adalah untuk membuat inventori berasaskan sistematik moden daripada pencilan bakteria amilolisis yang menghasilkan bioplastik Poli-β-hidroksibutirat (PHB) daripada substrat kanji sagu. Identiti tiga pencilan bakteria tempatan telah diperiksa dalam kajian ini, menggunakan pendekatan polifasa. Satu set data berdasarkan ciriciri fenotip, iaitu sifat morfologi, fisiologi, biokimia dan kimia, iaitu profil protein sel keseluruhan menggunakan kaedah SDS-PAGE, bersama-sama dengan kajian filogenetik berdasarkan urutan 16S rRNA digunakan untuk mengenal pasti dengan pendekatan polifasa. Ciri-ciri fenotip 3 pencilan bakteria tempatan dan 4 rujukan kepada ahli genus Bacillus dianalisis dengan analisis berangka menggunakan MVSP 3,1 program untuk menentukan nilai keserupaan. Berdasarkan pencirian permulaan kaedah pencocokan profil menunjukkan bahawa tiga pencilan bakteria yang menghasilkan PHB iaitu PSA10, PPK5 dan PPK6 adalah ahli genus Bacillus. Hasil analisis berangka berdasarkan pencirian fenotip dan sifat kimia ketiga pencilan bakteria yang menghasilkan PHB dengan strain rujukan menunjukkan bahawa PSA10 seiras dengan Bacillus megaterium, PPK5 seiras dengan Bacillus subtilis dan PPK6 seiras dengan Bacillus cereus, dan keputusan ini juga disokong oleh analisis filogenetik molekul. Oleh itu, taksonomi polifasa adalah pendekatan yang berkesan untuk mendedahkan identiti novel pencilan bakteria.
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