Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan metode pembelajaran mata kuliah Pendidikan Pancasila di Fakultas Hukum UII dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran Student Centre Learning (SCL) yang berbasis aktivitas mahasiswa. Masalah pembelajaran yang akan dipecahkan dalam penelitian ini diantaranya: Pertama, adalah bagaimana metode pembelajaran SCL yang berbasis aktivitas pada Mata Kuliah Pendidikan Pancasila di Fakultas Hukum UII. Kedua, adalah apakah metode SCL yang berbasis aktivitas dalam mata kuliah Pendidikan Pancasila sesuai dengan Capaian Pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen dan tindakan kelas (experiment and action research) dengan menggunakan 2 kelas pararel, satu kelas sebagai kelas percobaan implementasi metode pembelajaran SCL yang berbasis aktivitas, sedangkan satu kelas lainnya dijadikan sebagai kelas yang tidak menggunakan metode SCL yang berbasis aktivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Pertama, metode yang tepat untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran mata kuliah Pendidikan Pancasila diantaranya adalah dengan brain stroming, diskusi, observasi, dan presentasi hasil diskusi dan observasi, serta refleksi. Kedua, kelas yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran SCL berbasis aktivitas lebih efektif dan efisien mencapai capaian pembelajaran yang ditetapkan di dalam Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (RPS) dibandingkan dengan kelas yang tidak menggunakan metode SCL yang berbasis aktivitas.
The implementation of administrative sanctions in Government Regulation No. 101 of 2014 on the Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3) has emerged a polemic in the form of inconsistency in the sanction enforcement under Act No. 32 of 2009 on the Protection and Management of the Environment (Law PPLH). Under the provisions concerning with the management of B3 waste as regulated in the Act of PPLH, criminal sanction is enforced as premium-remedium without any first enforcement of administrative sanctions. This study observed two issues: first, the urgency and the strategy of sharpening the existence of the administrative sanctions in the Regulation No. 101 of 2014 of the Law No. 32 of 2009. Second, it concerns with the effectiveness of the administrative sanctions in the management and supervision of B3 waste. This is a normative juridical law research. The study concluded that: first, although based on the law of PPLH criminal law is enforced in medium premium, but the role and presence of the administrative sanctions in the B3 waste management is necessary especially to develop any preventive measures against environmental pollution caused by the B3 waste. Second, although the Act of PPLH has applied the criminal sanctions in premium remedium, but the implementation of administrative sanctions is more effective and provides a protection against the threat of environmental pollution from waste B3.
enyelenggaraan urusan lingkungan hidup yang di dalamnya termasuk kewenangan penegakan hukum terhadap perizinan lingkungan telah menjadi kewenangan daerah, khususnya daerah otonom yaitu kabupaten/kota berdasarkan UUPPLH. Akan tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya masih terdapat penegakan hukum yang bersifat sentralistik. Penelitian ini mengkaji dua rumusan masalah: Pertama, bagaimana hubungan wewenang antara pemerintah pusat dengan pemerintah daerah dalam penegakan hukum atas ketaatan penanggung jawab usaha dan/atau kegiatan terhadap izin lingkungan. Kedua, apakah dalam hubungan wewenang tersebut telah menerapkan asas otonomi daerah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum yuridis-normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Pertama, hubungan wewenang antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah bersifat setara dan seimbang dimana wewenang keduanya diperoleh secara atribusi melalui UU PPLH meski terdapat dua norma hukum, yaitu Pasal 73 dan Pasal 77 UU PPLH yang memberikan wewenang kepada pemerintah pusat untuk mencampuri wewenang pemerintah daerah dalam melakukan pengawasan dan penjatuhan sanksi. Kedua, berlakunya ketentuan dalam Pasal 73 dan Pasal 77 UU PPLH yang bersifat mencampuri tersebut tanpa adanya batasan dan ukuran apa saja yang termasuk ke dalam pelanggaran serius dan hanya mendasarkan pada anggapan Pemerintah Pusat semata mengakibatkan asas otonomi daerah belum dapat secara maksimal diterapkan. Kata kunci: asas otonomi daerah; penegakan hukum; izin lingkungan.
After the amendment to the Constitutional Court Law, constitutional court judges would be dismissed honorably when they attain the age of 70 (seventy) years old. Problem arises, where the transitional provisions of the third amendment to the Constitutional Court Law are not applicable prospectively but retroactively. Hence, the implementation of the amendment to the term of office of constitutional court judges also brings an impact on the incumbent constitutional judges in the Constitutional Court. This study had three objectives. First, to identify the underlying reasons (ratio-legis) for the amendment to the term of office of constitutional court judges to the maximum age limit of 70 years. Second, to analyze the implications of arranging a maximum age limit of 70 years for the position of constitutional court judges. Third, to recommend alternative arrangements for the term of office of constitutional court judges in Indonesia. This was a legal doctrinal research with a qualitative analysis. The results showed that (1) the reasons for the amendment to the term of office of constitutional court judges are due to the open legal policy, globalization and efforts to build the pro-majoritarian power in the Constitutional Court. (2) This amendment brings implications, i.e., the distortion of judicial independence, conflicts of interest and a declined public trust. (3) Improvements can be made by revising the transitional provisions and trying other alternatives by arranging the term of office of the judges through the constitution.
Wildfire is considered an annual problem in Indonesia. Based on the polluter-pays principle, the environmental damage that occurred from the fires must hence be borne by the injurers through the provided liability mechanisms. The Indonesian liability system, however, still focuses merely on how private entities as the bearers of the permits are being held liable, with no attempts to reach other potentially liable parties. The liability system has not considered the governments negligence in the issuance of the permit, fulfilling the statutory duties, or failures to supervise the permitted activities. This research attempts to investigate the concept of government liability for wildfires in Indonesia by analyzing some doctrines and legal principles as the bases for imposing liability in different jurisdictions (the liability trends in developing countries, the US, and the Netherlands). The results are: first, each country adopts its own doctrine and legal principle in imposing liability on their governments. However, in general, most countries acknowledge that they cannot impose liability to the government when they act in terms of discretions, policies, and choices in which they have multiple interests to consider. Second, government liability in Indonesia has been laid down under the Article 1365 of the Civil Code and the Law Number 30 of 2014 on Government Administration. As for the prevention of wildfires, the authors recommend applying the concept of a multi-task/single-task agent to consider to what extent the liability can be held against each government agency based on their statutory duties. Keywords: liability, government, negligence, wildfires
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