In present study, we sought to examine the ability of preimplantation bovine embryos to activate the NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated oxidative-stress response under an oxidative stress environment. In vitro 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-cell-, and blastocyst-stage embryos were cultured under low (5%) or high (20%) oxygen levels. The expression of NRF2, KEAP1 (NRF2 inhibitor), antioxidants downstream of NRF2, and genes associated with embryo metabolism were analyzed between the embryo groups using real-time quantitative PCR. NRF2 and KEAP1 protein abundance, mitochondrial activity, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also investigated in blastocysts of varying competence that were derived from high- or low-oxygen levels. The expression levels of NRF2 and its downstream antioxidant genes were higher in 8-cell, 16-cell, and blastocyst stages under high oxygen tension, whereas KEAP1 expression was down-regulated under the same conditions. Higher expression of NRF2 and lower ROS levels were detected in early (competent) blastocysts compared to their late (noncompetent) counterparts in both oxygen-tension groups. Similarly, higher levels of active nuclear NRF2 protein were detected in competent blastocysts compared to their noncompetent counterparts. Thus, the survival and developmental competence of embryos cultured under oxidative stress are associated with activity of the NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response pathway during bovine pre-implantation embryo development.

Domesticated buffaloes have been integral to rice-paddy agro-ecosystems for millennia, yet relatively little is known about the buffalo genomics. Here, we sequenced and assembled reference genomes for both swamp and river buffaloes and we re-sequenced 230 individuals (132 swamp buffaloes and 98 river buffaloes) sampled from across Asia and Europe. Beyond the many actionable insights that our study revealed about the domestication, basic physiology and breeding of buffalo, we made the striking discovery that the divergent domestication traits between swamp and river buffaloes can be explained with recent selections of genes on social behavior, digestion metabolism, strengths and milk production.

No abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas semen segar sapi Bali pada kelompok umur yang berbeda. Sampel yang digunakan berupa semen segar dari 8 pejantan sapi Bali di Balai Besar Inseminasi Buatan (BBIB) Singosari Malang, Jawa Timur, terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok umur yaitu 4 dan 7 tahun. Rata-rata bobot badan sapi pada kelompok umur 4 tahun adalah 656,75±32,69 Kg, dan  lingkar skrotum 27,5±1,64 cm sedangkan pada kelompok umur 7 tahun adalah 615,5±72,59 Kg dan 27,93±0,74 cm. Kualitas semen segar diamati dari 10 kali penampungan menggunakan vagina buatan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi volume (ml), pH, konsentrasi (x106/ml), motilitas (%), persentase spermatozoa hidup (L/D; %), abnormalitas primer (%) dan abnormalitas sekunder (%). Untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar 2 kelompok umur, data kualitas semen dibandingkan menggunakan t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok umur 4 dan 7 tahun masing-masing diperoleh volume 4,55±0,91 ml dan 5,18±1,58 ml, pH 6,51±0,06 dan 6,52±0,01, konsentrasi 962,30±390,50×106/ml dan 1079,00±90,56×106/ml, L/D 71,88±2,58% dan 72,02±1,35%, motilitas 68±3,11% dan 66,04±6,30%, abnormalitas primer 1,054±0,20% dan 0,93±0,14% serta abnormalitas sekunder 3,54±0,48% dan 4,24±0,31%. Volume dan abnormalitas sekunder secara statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada kelompok pejantan sapi Bali umur 7 tahun menghasilkan volume semen dan abnormalitas sekunder lebih tinggi dibandingkan umur 4 tahun.Kata kunci: sapi Bali, pengaruh umur, kualitas semen segar

Sulforaphane (SFN) has been considered as an indirect antioxidant and potential inducer of the Nrf2-ARE pathway. This study was conducted to investigate the protective role of SFN against oxidative stress in bovine granulosa cells (GCs). GCs were collected from antral follicles (4-8 mm) and cultured according to the experimental design where group 1 = control, group 2 = treated with SFN, group 3 = treated with hydrogen peroxide (HO), group 4 = pretreated with SFN and then with HO (protective) and group 5 = treated with HO followed by SFN treatment (rescuing). Results showed that SFN pretreatment significantly increases cell viability and reduces cytotoxicity in GCs under oxidative stress. Following HO exposure, expression of NRF2 was found to be significantly increased (p < 0.05) in SFN-pretreated cells, while no significant differences were observed between group 3 and group 5, although the expression was significantly increased compared to the control group. Moreover, the relative abundance of the NRF2 downstream target antioxidant genes (CAT, PRDX1, SOD1 and TXN1) were higher (fold change ranged from 7 to 14, p < 0.05) in sulforaphane pretreated GCs. Low level of ROS and lipid accumulation and higher mitochondrial activity were observed in GCs pretreated with SFN, whereas no such changes were observed in GCs treated with SFN after exposure to oxidative stress (group 5). Thus, we suggest that SFN pretreatment effectively protects GCs against oxidative damage through the activation of the NRF2-ARE pathway, whereas addition of SFN during oxidative insult failed to rescue GCs.

No abstract

Background and Aim: The attention to rabbit meat production in Indonesia is comparatively less to other farm animals such as cattle and poultry industries. However, future prospect of rabbit to be seriously industrialized seemed quite promising due to rabbit is highly productive and has short reproduction cycle as well as generation interval. One of the diseases infecting many rabbits is coccidiosis caused by protozoan parasite, Eimeria spp. The infectious stage of Eimeria spp. presents ubiquitously in the environment and increases the risk of parasite transmission. Preventive methods such as vaccination are not yet fully developed, while sporadic treatment is not efficiently reduce the cases. In this study, Eimeria spp. infecting rabbits in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia, were investigated with the aim for precise diagnosis to determine targeted treatment and as a baseline epidemiological data from rabbit in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Sample collection was performed randomly for 3 months, from March 2017 to May 2017 and covered areas in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 750 samples were collected. Eimeria species identification was determined morphologically from the samples after sporulation in 2.5% potassium dichromate by COCCIMORPH. Results: Ten species of Eimeria spp. were identified in this study from the positive samples (527/750; 70.3%). Eimeria flavescens was present in 80% of the positive samples, Eimeria coeciola in 78%, Eimeria perforans in 61%, Eimeria exigua in 37%, Eimeria media in 33%, Eimeria stiedae in 31%, Eimeria irresidua in 12%, Eimeria magna in 11%, Eimeria intestinalis in 10%, and Eimeria piriformis in 10%. Coinfection as noted in 80% of the positive samples with 2-6 species in a specimen. E. flavescens and E. coeciola were the most prevalent among all Eimeria spp. (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Eimeria spp. is detected in high prevalence among rabbit in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, with commonly occurs in mixed infections. In this paper, we describe Eimeria spp. that are circulating in Indonesia and present it as updated information to farmers and veterinarians. To the best of our knowledge, we provided the first information about rabbit coccidiosis in Indonesia. Keywords: coccidiosis, Indonesia, rabbit.

Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pelatihan dan praktek pembuatan pupuk organik dari kotoran ternak di Desa Kaliboto, Kecamatan Mojogedang, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Kompos merupakan pupuk organik yang berasal dari sisa tanaman dan kotoran hewan yang telah mengalami proses dekomposisi atau pelapukan. Bahan pembuatan pupuk kompos pada umumnya menggunakan kotoran sapi. Keunggulan dari pupuk kompos ini adalah ramah lingkungan, dapat menambah pendapatan peternak dan dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dengan memperbaiki kerusakan fisik tanah akibat pemakaian pupuk anorganik secara berlebihan. Kelompok Tani Desa Kaliboto merupakan kelompok tani yang beternak sapi potong jenis sekaligus melakukan penanaman padi di sawah. Limbah kotoran ternak yang dihasilkan dari kelompok tani tersebut belum diolah secara maksimal untuk digunakan sebagai pupuk organik pada lahan pertanian. Selama ini, petani masih mengandalkan pupuk kimia sebagai sumber utama pupuk. Penggunaan pupuk kimia secara berkepanjangan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan fisik pada tanah, selain itu biaya pembelian pupuk juga relative mahal. Oleh karena itu pelaksanaan program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dengan memberikan paket teknologi pembuatan pupuk organik dengan bahan dasar kotoran sapi. Kegiatan penyuluhan dan praktek pembuatan pupuk organik sudah dilaksanakan di kelompok tani tersebut. Hasil pupuk organik yang diperoleh diharapkan dapat diaplikasikan pada lahan pertanian untuk mengurangi penggunaan pupuk kimia.