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The present study was undertaken to determine what structural changes hypophysectomy would cause in the rat kidney. Proximal convoluted tubule cells from hypophysectomized rats were smaller and their length was decreased when compared to kidneys from control animals of approximately the same weight as the hypophysectomized animals. Electron microscopic observation of the kidneys from the hypophysectomized rats revealed that the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules had ( 1 ) an increase in size and number of dense bodies (type I1 cytosome); (2) a decrease in smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER); ( 3 ) a decrease in basilar infoldings; (4) an increase in the frequency of mitochondria cristae aligned in their longitudinal axis and (5) a change in the character of the proses of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) related to microbodies (type I cytosome) from a vesicular to tubular arrangement. The changes noted in the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules of hypophysectomized rats were similar to previously described changes observed in tubular a trophy.

The serous lingual glands of von Ebner secrete lingual lipase, an enzyme that begins fat digestion in the stomach. The objective of this study was to characterize the neuromodulators in the rat tongue and von Ebner glands using immunocytochemical techniques. Rat lingual tissues were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 4 microns for light microscopic studies. Immunocytochemical localization of neuromodulators was performed with monospecific anti-rat neuromodulator IgG or control (preimmune) IgG as the primary antibody, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique. No staining was seen with control anti-rat IgG. Immunospecific staining for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), tyrosine hydroxylase and choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) was observed in nerves in the tongue, and cells containing immunospecific staining for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) were seen in the stroma between the lingual glands. Selected cells in the serous glands stained positively for the presence of substance P and somatostatin. Adrenergic, VIP-containing and cholinergic nerves appear to innervate the tongue and serous glands. Substance P and somatostatin were identified in cells of the lingual serous glands and may be additional local modulators regulating lingual lipase release.

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Oxygen consumption of kidney slices from 20- and 30-day-old immature rats from normal and fastgrowing litters, as well as of adults, has been determined. Qo₂ with endogenous substrate is less in slices of 20-day-old of both fast and slowgrowing animals, while the endogenous Qo₂ of slices from fastgrowing 30-day-old rats is significantly higher than that of mature animal kidney. Endogenous Qo₂ decreases with time. The amount of decrease is less in 20-day-old renal slices than in the other populations. The order of increase Qo₂ of mature animals with different exogenous substrates is lactate > glucose > malate > glutamate. In immature animals, the position of glutamate and glucose is reversed. With lactate, no dependence of Qo₂ on age is detectable.

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