Objective: Frequent consumption of nuts is associated with favorable plasma lipid profiles and reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study was conducted to investigate the effects of hazelnut-enriched diet on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolemic adult men compared with baseline and control diet, and also to measure the anthropometric parameters, habitual physical activities, nutrient intake and endothelial function. Subjects and design: Fifteen hypercholesterolemic men aged 4878 years were recruited voluntarily. A well-controlled, 2-period (P 1 and P 2 ) study design with a total of 8-week was implemented. In the P 1 , subjects consumed a control diet (low-fat, low-cholesterol and high-carbohydrate). During the P 2 , the control diet was supplemented with MUFA-rich hazelnut (40 g/day), which provided 11.6% of total energy content. Anthropometric parameters and habitual physical activities were recorded. Plasma total and HDL cholesterol, TAG, ApoA-1, Apo B, total homocysteine and glucose concentrations were measured. All parameters and measurements were obtained at baseline and end of each 4-week diet period. Results: Body weights of subjects remained stable throughout the study. Compared with baseline, the hazelnut-enriched diet decreased (Po0.05) the concentrations of VLDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol, apolipoprotein B by 29.5, 31.8, and 9.2%, respectively, while increasing HDL cholesterol concentrations by 12.6%. Total/HDL cholesterol and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratios favorably decreased (Po0.05). Although insignificant there was a decreasing trend for the rest of parameters, particularly in total (5.2%) and LDL cholesterol (3.3%) in subjects consuming a hazelnut-enriched diet compared to that of the baseline. No changes were found in fasting levels of glucose, Apo A-1 and homocysteine between the control and hazelnut-enriched diets. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a high-fat and high-MUFA-rich hazelnut diet was superior to a low-fat control diet because of favorable changes in plasma lipid profiles of hypercholesterolemic adult men and, thereby positively affecting the CHD risk profile. Sponsorship:

Aim: This study was performed to determine the effects of glutamine enriched total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Method: Forty patients with AP, who had Ranson's score between 2 and 4 received either standard TPN (control group) or TPN with glutamine (treatment group). The patients in the treatment group received TPN containing 0.3 g/kg/days glutamine. At the end of the study, patients were evaluated for nutritional and inflammatory parameters, length of TPN and length of hospital stay.Results: The length of TPN applications were 10.573.6 days and 11.672.5 days, and the length of hospital stays were 14.274.4 and 16.473.9 days for the treatment and control groups (NS), and the complication rates in the treatment and control groups were 10 and 40%, respectively (Po0.05). The transferrin level increased by 11.7% in the group that received glutamine-enriched TPN (Po0.05), whereas the transferrin level decreased by 12.1% in the control group (NS). At the end of the study, slight but not significant changes were determined in both groups in fasting blood sugar, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total cholesterol concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, leukocytes, CD 4 , CD 8 , serum Zn, Ca and P levels compare to the baseline levels (NS). Significant decreases were determined in serum lipase, amylase activities and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in both groups (Po0.05). Conclusions:The results of this study have shown that glutamine supplementation to TPN have beneficial effects on the prevention of complications in patients with AP.

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to translate, adapt and validate the Celiac Disease Questionnaire (CDQ), which was developed in Germany, for use in Turkey.MethodsThe questionnaire was translated by a forward-backward translation method. Total CDQ score and four subscores (emotional state, gastrointestinal symptoms, worries, social problems) were calculated and their reliability assessed by internal consistency. Reliability of scales was evaluated by internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was assessed by means of a retest after 15 days. Face validity was assessed by patient volunteers and physicians and construct validity was assessed by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity was determined by comparing responses to the CDQ with similar subscale scores of the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health survey. Discriminative concurrent criterion validity was determined by comparing the CDQ scores of patients with celiac disease (CD) on a gluten-free diet (GFD) with CD patients not on a GFD.ResultsThe Turkish version of the CDQ was completed by 205 patients with celiac disease (Female 146, mean age 31.1 year, ± 10.61). The Cronbach-α coefficent of the subscores ranged between 0.73 and 0.93. Test-retest reliability was 0.99 for all subscores. 42 patients with CD and five gastroenterologists assessed the items of the CDQ to be comprehensible and relevant to the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of CD patients. The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated acceptable fit indices for the original four subscales of the CDQ. The correlations between the scales of the CDQ and the instrument for validation covering similar dimensions of the HRQOL ranged between 0.61 and 0.93. In all subscores and in the total score, patients not on a GFD showed a significantly reduced HRQOL (all p < 0.05) compared to patients on a GFD.ConclusionThe Turkish version of the CDQ proved to be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring HRQOL in Turkish patients with celiac disease.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12955-015-0272-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The aim of this study was to investigate anthropometric measurements, body composition, and serum antioxidant vitamin levels in men with coronary heart disease (CHD). Thirty-five men with CHD and 31 men without CHD, aged 40 - 65 years, were included this study. Dietary records and anthropometric measurements of each participant were recorded by researchers and serum antioxidant vitamin levels and lipid profiles were analyzed. Fat mass (FM) and the percentage of fat mass (FM%) in men with CHD was higher than in men without CHD (p < 0.05). Lipid profiles were found to be similar in both groups, with the exception of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Men with CHD had lower HDL-C levels than men without CHD (p < 0.05). When the antioxidant vitamin intake of participants was investigated, vitamin E intake in men without CHD was found to be less than in men with CHD (p < 0.05). However, serum vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin C levels in men with CHD were found to be lower than in men without CHD (p < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, we propose that high FM, low HDL-C, and low serum antioxidant vitamin levels could be important risk factors for CHD.

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ÖZETBesin seçimlerini etkileyen çeşitli faktörler bulunmaktadır. Açlık, besinleri yemeye karşı duyulan istek, besinlerin lezzeti, besinlerin fiyatı ve uygun zaman besin seçimlerini etkileyen temel faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Bunların yanında genel beslenme alışkanlıkları, aile, arkadaş çevresi, reklamlar ve besinlerin bulunabilirliği de besin seçimlerini önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Ayrıca, besinlerle ilgili geçmişten itibaren yaşanan deneyimler bazı besinlerin tercih edilmesi, bazı besinlerin ise tüketiminin reddedilmesi ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Yaşın artışı ile sosyal ortamlarda bulunma sıklığının artması sonucu adolesanların besin seçimlerinde değişiklikler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Günümüzde adolesanların ''fast food'' tarzı beslenme alışkanlıkları; arkadaşları ile dışarda zaman geçirmeleri; ayrıca besin endüstrisinin gelişimi ile hazır besinlerin, bisküvi, çikolata, cips ve kraker gibi atıştırmalıklıkların çeşidi ve tüketiminin artması ise sağlıksız beslenme alışkanlıklarının ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Tüm bunlar göz önünde bulundurularak, bu derlemede adolesanların besin seçimlerini etkileyen çevresel ve bireysel faktörler değerlendirilmiştir. (Gün cel Pe di at ri 2013; 11: 121-7) Anah tar ke li me ler: Adolesan dönem, besin seçimleri, beslenme SUM MARYHunger, extreme desire to eat a certain food, taste, price, and convenience are among the main There are various factors that affect food preferences. Hunger, extreme desire to eat a certain food, taste, price, and convenience are among the main factors affecting food preferences. Additionally, general nutritional habits, family, friends, commercials, and availability of the food are also important for food preferences. Also, past experiences with foods are related to preferring or rejecting some foods. Socializing more with increasing age causes change in the food preferences of adolescents. Unhealthy nutrition habits form as a result of the adolescents consuming fast foods, spending time with their friends outside the house, and consuming more ready-made foods. Current developments in the food industry result in an increase in variety and consumption of snacks such as cookies, chocolate, chips, and crackers in adolescents. Considering all these, in this rewiev article, environmental and personal factors affecting food preferences have been investigated. (Jo ur nal of Cur rent Pe di at rics 2013; 11: 121-7)

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