During the study repaglinide encapsulated floating microspheres were formulated and characterized for enhancing residence time of drug in git and thereby increasing its bioavailability. Floating microspheres of ethylcellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) (5 and 100 cps) were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion technique. During process optimization various parameters were studied such as: drug: polymer ratio, polymer ratio, concentration of emulsifier and stirring speed. Selected optimized formulations were studied for SEM, entrapment, floating behavior, drug release and kinetics. In-vivo floating ability (X-ray) study and in-vivo antidiabetic activity were performed on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Microspheres prepared with different viscosity grade HPMC were spherical shaped with smooth surface. Size of microspheres was in the range of 181.1-248 μm. Good entrapment and buoyancy were observed for 12 h. X-ray image showed that optimized formulation remained buoyant for more than 6 h. Optimized formulation treated group shows significant (p < 0.01) reduction in blood glucose level as compared to pure drug treated group. Repaglinide loaded floating microspheres expected to give new choice for safe, economical and increased bioavailable formulation for effective management of NIDDM.
In the bioavailability enhancement of poorly aqueous soluble drugs, self-emulsifying/microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS/SMEDDS) are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, solvents, and cosolvents/surfactants that have gained immense popularity because of their self-emulsification ability. This characteristic relies on some critical parameters such as surfactant concentration, oil-to-surfactant ratio, polarity of the emulsion, droplet size and charge, which are acquired from an amalgamation of appropriate excipients. The fabrication of this combination is of utmost importance for formulation scientists. Hence, to explore the potential of such a delivery system, standardized guidelines for excipients must be developed to address bioavailability issues. In the present review, we summarize the approaches to selecting the most suitable lipid(s)-based drug delivery system, including characterization, especially for oral delivery, of both physicochemical and biopharmaceutical aspects and properties of assorted excipients as well as the related patent reports.
This study was designed to examine the antihyperglycemic potential of the polysaccharide fraction of Pleurotus florida. Hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg intraperitoneal). Single- and multiple-dose studies were performed to assess the antihyperglycemic potential of the P. florida polysaccharides (PFPs). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline 423 was followed to study the acute toxicity of PFP. PFP was found to be nontoxic up to 4000 mg/kg. In this investigation, 200- and 400-mg/kg doses of PFP were used. Blood glucose, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, urine glucose and ketones, and glycosylated hemoglobin were estimated, and biological markers were determined. Treatment with PFP (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly lowered glucose concentrations compared to the control group. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and urine glucose and ketones in animals treated with PFP also decreased. There was a significant decrease in the concentrations of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, whereas concentrations of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione were restored. Therefore, these results suggest that PFPs may ameliorate hyperglycemia and hypercholesteremia associated with diabetes. Thus PFPs could be used as adjunct therapy along with first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Introduction: Galantamine a traditional herb has also been explored for a number of pharmacological effects. Today, galantamine has been observed for its nootropic effect. Methodology: The objective of this review is to study the evidence of effectiveness and pharmacological effects of galantamine. The preclinical and randomized controlled clinical trials pertaining to studies of galantamine are included. Chemical properties of galantamine and its structure activity relationship pertaining to various biological activities has also been documented. Result and Conclusion: The review revealed protective effects of galantamine on functions and integrity of liver, brain and memory impairment. The various independent studies have demonstrated anti-alzheimer, antioxidant, antidiabetic and neuroprotective effect of galantamine. The present review highlights current information and health-promoting effects of a traditionally known drug galantamine.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.