This study aims at investigating the phytochemical analysis or to analyze the secondary metaboliotes of Phyllanthus niruri L. plants from four collection sites which University of Kinshasa (Unikin), National Pedagogic University of Kinshasa (UPN), Kimwenza (Kim) and Kisantu (Kis) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This study should give an explanation about the change of antiplasmodial activity of the same plant depending on the location of harvest. The samples of P. niruri were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for secondary metabolites characterizations such as of flavonoids, saponins and steroidal sapogenins and others phenolic compounds. The results revealed that UPN location presented more peaks (22) than Unikin (20), Kimwenza (15) and Kisantu (12). But Unikin location revealed more peaks (7) corresponding to major compounds than samples from others locations (UPN: 5; Kimwenza: 2 and Kisantu: 4). The peak 1 of UPN is higher (13.73) comparing to all peaks samples. The yellow-colored spots were present at all samples but those of UPN were more accentuated than all. In Kimwenza samples, two others colored spots (violet and blue) were presented. It suggested that in vitro antiplasmodial activity would be based on compounds eluted probably at the retention time around 22 min. Sometime the compounds eluted at 4.28 and 7.8 min contribute to in vitro antiplasmodial activity. The results revealed again the presence of the saponins or the steroidal sapogenins in P. niruri, made for the characterization by HPLC or by TLC probables flavonoids and presence of steroidal sapogenins.
The aims of this work are firstly to carry the antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities of hydromethanolic extracts of three Phyllanthus species and these of two associated plants in order to establish difference firstly between Phyllanthus species and secondarily, between Phyllanthuis species and associated plants. These activities could be explained by plant secondary metabolites; thus, the phytochemical screening was previously carried out using some reagents and the total phenolics and the total flavonoids contents determined using standard chemical compounds for establishing curves. In finally, the relationship established between antiplasmodial activities and antioxidant activities. Results obtained in this work showed that flavonoids are present in Phyllanthus species but absent in both associated plants which contained saponins, steroids and triterpens that missing in Phyllanthus species. Concerning the total flavonoid content, P. niruroides showed high value (0.75±0.03 mg GAE/g of dry extract) than all total flavonoid content values of other plants. For total phenolic content, P. odontadenius showed high value with 0.07±0.01 mg QE/g of dry extract than of two others phyllanthus species and the two associated plants which presented 0.06 mg QE/g of dry extract. Antiplasmodial activities showed values from 13.2±0.0 µg / mL for P. muellerianus to 102.65±0 µg / mL for associated plants. Phyllanthus species showed promising antiplasmodial activity or moderate antiplasmodial activity and the associated plants showed low antiplasmodial activity. The percentage inhibition of radicals could be explaining the high antioxidant activities for Phyllanthus species in comparison with associated plants with P. odontadenius which presented low value (1.83±0.05 µg / mL) and it is also the same for the ABTS radical where P. niruroides showed high value (0.24±0.02 µg/mL) than H. acida and D. englerianum. The established relationship shows that with the high antiplasmodial activities, the report in percentage between antiplasmodial activity and antioxidant activities is also high i.e., 15.61% for P. muellerianus.
Aims: Majority of deaths in children aged under 5 years are due to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Malaria deaths in children decreased but malaria remains a major killer of children, taking the life of a child every 2 minutes. This study aims to investigate the increasing of the in vitro antiplasmodial activities by mutagenesis techniques using gamma-rays (Cs-137) or sodium azide (NaN 3 ) as mutagens. It will allow the importance of mutagenesis use as tools for improvement of secondary metabolites against malaria parasites using chemical or physical mutagens. Study Design: Laboratory experiment tests : identification of plant material, immersion of seeds in SA (sodium azide) solutions or irradiation by Gamma-rays (Cs-137) of P. odontadenius seeds for improvement of secondary metabolites against malaria parasites, in vitro culture of seeds followed by the in situ culturing of plantlets for obtaining material of study, phytochemical screening of Phyllanthus odontadenius aerial parts to determine the change of compounds in comparison to controls, in vitro antiplasmodial tests for the determination of SA concentrations or those of gammarays doses which killing 50% of malaria parasite populations (IC 50 ).
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