Abstract. This paper presents a numerical study of a multilayer composite panel impacted by an AP (Armor Piercing) 14.5 × 114 mm B32 projectile. The composite consists of alternating layers of hard ceramic and a ductile aluminum alloy. While the alloy layer consists of typical plate, ceramics confront projectiles in the form of ceramic pyramids. The studied models are compared with a reference structure, which is a standard double layer panel.The problem has been solved with the usage of modeling and simulation methods as well as a finite elements method implemented in LS-DYNA software. Space discretization for each option was built with three dimensional elements ensuring satisfying accuracy of the calculations. For material behavior simulation, specific models including the influence of the strain rate and temperature changes were considered. A steel projectile and aluminum plate material were described by the Johnson-Cook model and a ceramic target by the JohnsonHolmquist model.The obtained results indicate that examined structures can be utilized as a lightweight ballistic armor in certain conditions. However, panels consisting of sets of ceramic prisms are a little easier to penetrate. Despite this fact, a ceramic layer is much less susceptible to overall destruction, making it more applicable for the armor usage. What is most important in this study is that significant projectile trajectory deviation is detected, depending on the impact point. Such an effect may be utilized in solutions, where a target is situated relatively far from an armor.
The paper presents an analysis of road barrier performance due to variable friction between tires and the ground under different weather conditions. Analyses are based on the TB42 and TB51 test, wherein a vehicle impacts a KTC 033 and KTC 015 steel barrier. A full-scale experiment using a Renault Midlum truck and a SETRA S215L bus was conducted according to the EN 1317 regulation in order to validate a numerical model. A series of numerical tests were conducted in order to investigate the influence of the friction coefficient (µ wr = 0-1.1) on the normative test results. We proved that in TB 42 test on a very slippery road, the working width W N is equal to 1.6 m, while for a test conducted in good weather conditions (i.e. a dry and clean road) it is only 0.9 m. Thus, it can be stated that the EN 1317 norm may not provide sufficient information about road barrier safety. The behaviour of a barrier cannot be easily anticipated during impact in poor weather conditions, when surface-wheel contact is insufficient.
The paper presents a numerical study of a two layer composite panel impacted by an AP (Armour Piercing) 14.5x118mm B32 projectile. The panel consists of a number of pyramid ceramic components supported by an aluminium plate. The studied model is compared with a reference structure in which ceramic layer is in a form of a plate. The problem has been solved with the usage of modelling and simulation methods as well as a finite elements method implemented in LS-DYNA software. Space discretization for each option was built with three dimension elements guaranteeing satisfying accuracy of the calculations. For material behaviour simulation, specific models including the influence of the strain rate and temperature changes were considered. A steel projectile and aluminium plate material were described by Johnson-Cook model and a ceramic target by Johnson-Holmquist model. In the studied panels, the area surrounding back edges was supported by a rigid wall. The obtained results show interesting properties of the examined structures considering their ballistic resistance. All tests have given clear results about ballistic protection panel response under AP projectile impact. Panels consisting of sets of pyramids are slightly easier to penetrate. Despite this fact, a ceramic layer is much less susceptible to overall destruction what makes it more applicable for the armour usage. Furthermore, a little influence of the projectile impact point and consequently a part of the pyramid, which is first destroyed, is proved.
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