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Background: Diabetes is a pandemic causing very high morbidity and mortality due to its complications which are a result of micro and macro angiopathy. Platelets play a key role in the vascular complications. These complications are attributed to platelet activation which can be recognised by an increase in platelet volume indices (PVI) including mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW). Platelet indices can be potentially useful surrogate markers for the early diagnosis of thromboembolic and cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted for 2 years with total 930 subjects. The patients were segregated in 03 groups on basis of HbA1C as (a) Diabetic, (b) Non-Diabetic and (c) FG. Samples for HbA1C and platelet indices were collected using EDTA (ethylene diamine tetracetic acid) as anticoagulant and were processed on autoanalysers. Results:The study revealed a stepwise increase in the PVI from non-diabetics to IFG to diabetics. MPV and PDW were increased in the IFG cases as compared to the non-diabetic and were markedly increased in the diabetic patients. MPV and PDW of diabetics, IFG and non-diabetics were 17.60±2. 04, 11.76±0.73, 9.93±0.64 and 19.17±1.48, 15.49±0.67, 10.59±0.67 respectively with a significant p value 0.00. Significant positive correlation between PVI with glycaemic levels and duration of diabetes across the groups (MPV-HbA1c r = 0.951; PDW-HbA1c r = 0.875). However, the total platelet count was found to decrease with the increasing glycaemic levels with a p value <0.001. A significant negative correlation was found between glycaemic levels and total platelet count (PC-HbA1c r = -0.164). Conclusions: This study showed that platelet morphology is altered with increasing glycaemic levels. These changes can be known by measurements of PVI which is an important simple and effortless tool can be used more extensively to predict the acute vascular events and thereby help curb morbidity and mortality.

Background: Dermatological disorders are common in all countries but the spectrum varies greatly. While skin diseases are very common among the populations in many developing countries, they have not been regarded as a significant problem, which could benefit from public health measures. Aims & Objective: To analyze the role of histopathology in making the diagnosis of skin lesion. Materials and Methods: In the period of 2009 to 2014, we retrospectively analyzed data of 112 patients. Patient's data were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Pathology, M.G.M. Medical College, Indore. Results: A total of 112 patients were included in the study, 63 cases (56%) were males and 49 cases (44%) were females. In males, the commonest lesions were granulomatous lesions (n-30, 26.80, %) followed by nonspecific dermatoses. In females, the commonest lesions were nonspecific dermatoses (n= 15, 13.6%) & granulomatous lesions (n-18, 16.4%). Conclusion: Skin diseases were more common in males than females. Granulomatous lesions were common in males than females.

Background: Ovarian tumor is the seventh most common cause of cancer related deaths in female. The aim of this study is to find the, morphological and clinicopathological correlation, gross, histological pattern, and incidence of age distribution of ovarian tumors. Materials and Methods:This retrospective and prospective study was carried out from January 2011 to December 2015. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Special stains and immunohistochemistry were carried out whenever needed.Results: Out of total 158 cases, 62.65% were benign, 3.79% were borderline, and 33.55% were malignant. Histologically, surface epithelial tumors were the most common (74.06%) followed by germ cell tumours(15.82%) and sex cord-stromal tumors (10.12%).Benign tumors were mostly seen in age group of 20-40 years, borderline 21-40 years, and malignant 50-80 years. Conclusion:Tumors originating from surface epithelium are the most common and their malignant counterparts are more frequent in the elderly age group.

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Tuberculosis has, in a short span of time, become a major health problem in the third world or developing countries like India. In view of this, a retrospective study was conducted to study Adenosine deaminase activity in serum and pleural fluid in patients affected with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and other common non-tubercular chronic respiratory diseases. The study was carried out on 100 patients suffering from various pulmonary disorders, between January 2002 and August 2002. Thirty-five normal healthy individuals were included as control subjects. ADA estimation was done by sensitive colorimetric method. The study revealed that the serum ADA activity was higher in patients of tuberculous pulmonary and pleural diseases and non-tuberculous pulmonary diseases than in control subjects. The mean serum ADA activity in the patients' group was 35.5 t-6.93 u/I as compared to 16.20 + 2.85 u/I in control group, showing a highly significant (P<< 0.001) difference. ADA activity was highest in tuberculous pleuropulmonary diseases. The pieural fluid ADA activity was higher in pyogenic pleura! effusion than in tuberculous pleural effusion.

INTRODUCTIONDiabetes mellitus comprises a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. The worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus has risen dramatically over the past two decades and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is expected to rise more rapidly in future because of increasing obesity and reduced activity levels. 1 In the past decade, the potential role of hemostatic factors, particularly fibrinogen, in atherosclerosis and its complications has generated considerable attention. Studies have shown that formation of an occlusive thrombus, on a damaged atherosclerotic lesion is the most common precipitating factor of acute myocardial infarction. Evidence also suggests that fibrinogen has a role; both in the early stages of plaque formation and late complications of cardiovascular disease. The excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among diabetics have not been fully explained by major risk factors such as hypertension, cigarette smoking and hypercholesterolemia. Increased attention is being paid ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of common metabolic disorders where increased fibrinogen levels can act as a thrombogenic factor. Diabetic patients have higher cardiovascular morbidity than non-diabetic subjects. Several studies have shown that haemostatic factor especially hyperfibrinogenemia is implicated as a source of atherosclerosis and its complications. Methods: A comparative observational study was conducted to compare fibrinogen levels between type 2 diabetes patients and healthy controls. Their fibrinogen levels were compared and co-related with glycemic status and other risk factors and parameters like glycosylated haemoglobin, age, sex, smoking, body mass index (kg/m 2 ), hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Results: It was seen that in the diabetic subset, the plasma fibrinogen levels are significantly higher than the nondiabetic subset (386.04±132.87 vs. 314.38±97.42; p<0.001). Our study re-established correlation between HbA1c and fibrinogen levels of the diabetic patient is positive i.e., poorer the glycemic status, higher the fibrinogen levels (r=0.24). Conclusions: It can be concluded from the study that fibrinogen levels are in-creased in type 2 diabetic subjects with and without CHD. Plasma fibrinogen levels usually increased in type 2 diabetes, thus suggesting that hyperfibrinogenemia could contribute to the excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this disease.