Background: Ocimum gratissimum leaf is used in managing rheumatism and other inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic extract obtained by sequential methanol extraction of O. gratissimum leaves (MEOg). Methods: The methanol extract (MEOg) was obtained after sequential maceration (n-hexane, chloroform and methanol) of dried O. gratissimum leaves. The fingerprint of the extract was obtained using a high-performance liquid chromatrographic method. In vitro effects were tested by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) free radical scavenging, lipoxygenase, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory assays. MEOg was studied for anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced paw edema and air pouch inflammation in rats. Results: HPLC fingerprint of the extract shows the presence of caffeic acid, rutin, ferulic acid, apigenin, and quercetin.
Datura metel leaves and seeds are widely used in ethno-therapeutic management of Rheumatic pain, asthma and insomnia. Its use has been associated with adverse alteration in behavior which has triggered interest in its safety on the central nervous system. This study was therefore designed to evaluate acute neuro-toxicological effects of aqueous -methanol extracts of Datura metel in mice. Oral Acute toxicity studies of the leaf extract was carried out in mice. The effects of the extract (25-100 mg/kg body weight orally) on total locomotive activity, motor coordination and spatial memory in Y-maze were evaluated in mice. The effect of Datura metel extract (25-100 mg/kg) in the presence of either atropine (0.3 mg/kg b.w.) or naloxone (0.5 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) on total locomotive activity in an open field apparatus was carried out with the view of predicting its mechanism of action. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) was greater than 2000 mg/kg b.w. The extract produced significant decrease (p<0.05) in total locomotive activity of the treated mice in the open field apparatus. The extract significantly (p<0.05) shortened the time spent on the rota-rod by mice treated with the extract and reduced spontaneous alternation behavior. Datural metel leaves extract produced in mice neuro-toxicological effects characterized by sedation and hypokinesia, motor coordination impairment and disruption of short term memory. Özet Boru çiçeği yaprak ve tohumları romatizma ağrısı, astım ve uykusuzluğun etno-terapötik uygulamasında yaygın biçimde kullanılmaktadır. Kullanımı, davranışlardaki olumsuz değişimlerle alakalı olması ve merkezi sinir sistemi üzerindeki güvenirliliği bu çalışmayı tetikledi. Bu çalışma Boru Çiçeğinin sulu metanol ekstresinin farelerdeki akut nöro-toksik etkilerini değerlendirmek için tasarlandı. Yaprak ekstresinin oral akut toksisite çalışması fareler üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Ekstrenin Y-labirentteki toplam lokomotif aktivite, motor koordinasyon ve uzamsal hafıza üzerindeki etkileri (ağız yoluyla 25mg-100 kg vücut ağırlığı) farelerde değerlendirildi. Boru Çiçeği ekstresinin (25-100 mg/kg) açık alan aparatındaki toplam lokomotif aktivite üzerindeki etkisi nalokson (0.5 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) ya da atropine (0.3 mg/kg vücut ağırlığı)' varlığında gerçekleştirilip hareket mekanizmasının tahmini maksadıyla gözlemlendi. Oral medyan letal dozu (LD50) 2000 mg/kg vücut ağırlığından daha fazlaydı. Ekstre, açık alan aparatında muamele edilen farelerin toplam lokomotif aktivitesinde önemli bir azalış (p<0.05) meydana getirdi. Bu ekstre, işleme alınan farelerin rota-rod üzerinde harcadıkları zamanı önemli derecede (p<0.05) kısalttı ve eşzamanlı değişim gösteren davranışları da azalttı. Boru Çiçeği yaprak ekstresi, farelerde sakinlik, uyuşukluk, motor koordinasyon bozukluğu ve kısa süreli hafıza bozulmasıyla nitelenen nöro-toksik etkiler meydana getirmiştir.
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