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Introduction/Objective of study: Kigelia africana (Bignoniaceae) is enriched with bioactive constituents and has thus found various uses in African folklore. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacognostic, physicochemical, chromatographic and antiproliferative properties of K. africana.Methodology: Standard methods were used to determine the qualitative microscopy, moisture content, ash and extractive value. Furthermore, HPLC analysis was conducted on the samples in order to detect and quantify some phenolic compounds (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and quercetin). The Sorghum bicolor model was used for the antiproliferative assay. All experiment was carried out in triplicates.Results: Microscopy revealed amphistomata with the presence of non-glandular unicellular, uniseriate trichomes on K. africana leaf. Cellulose, tannins, calcium oxalate crystals on the leaf and stem bark, while the roots lacked calcium oxalate crystals. Ash contents were leaf (21.8 ± 0.1) %w/w, stem bark (4.8 ± 0.03)%w/w and root (3.9 ± 0.2)%w/w. Moisture content was (10.5 ± 0.5) %w/w and (9.5 ± 0.2) %w/w for the root and leaf parts, respectively. All values were within WHO limits for crude drugs. The stem bark and root parts contained more water-soluble constituents than alcohol soluble constituents. From the results of HPLC analysis the leaf, stem bark and root extracts gave 24 peaks, 16 peaks and 30 peaks, respectively, a few peaks matched with reference compounds- quercetin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and rutin. Results of antiproliferative assay showed that methotrexate was significantly (p ˂ 0.05) more effective than the stem bark (from 2-64 mg/mL) with inhibitions ranging from 72.0 ± 1.4% - 90.0 ± 2.4% and root extracts (from 4 – 64 mg/mL) that had inhibitions ranging from 50.3 ± 1.5% - 97.7 ± 0.4% but comparable with leaf extract (from 16 mg/mL - 64 mg/mL) with inhibitions ranging from 68.4 ± 0.8% - 99.0 ± 0.1%.Conclusion: Further information which can be included in an official monograph of the plant for its proper identification and quality control has been provided by this study. Kigelia africana exhibited effective antiproliferative activities and the presence of phenolic compounds.

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Berlinia grandiflora is used for managing numerous ailments including tumor in Southwest , Nigeria. The phytochemical contents, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of B. grandiflora leaf were determined in this study. The absolute ethanol extract was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant activity was carried out by standard analytical methods. The antiproliferative activity was done using growth inhibition activity of Sorghum bicolor seed radicle with methotrexate as the reference drug. The presence of some phytochemicals known to have antioxidant properties and exert anticancer effects is revealed in this study. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of betulinc acid, ferulic acid, rutin and caffeic acid. However, ferulic acid, rutin, and caffeic acid were identified for the first time in B. grandiflora. Free radical scavenging activity, reducing power capacity and nitric oxide inhibitory activity were exhibited by the extract, with IC 50 values of 88.3, 7.4 and 99 µg/mL, respectively. While ascorbic acid, the reference compound, used in this study has IC 50 values of 0.7, 3.4 and 7.4 µg/mL, respectively. The total phenol content expressed in gallic acid equivalent (GAE) was 75 mg/g. A dose-dependent antiproliferative activity was observed with IC 50 values of 0.50, 0.59 and 0.29 µg/mL after 48, 72 and 96 h of treatment, respectively. This result justifies the folklore use of the plant for managing cancer in Nigeria and the plant's potential as a new phyto-chemo-therapy.